Chinese traditional food has a long history and abundant cultural connotation. With the rapid development of food industry in China, the traditional food industry also made a great progress. However, the modernization of Chinese traditional food industry has been restricted seriously due to the insufficient recognition, weak fundamental research and low level of mechanization. In this paper, the development tendency of Chinese traditional food industry was analyzed. The main problems existed in modernization of Chinese traditional food industry were pointed out. The primary mission for the modernization of Chinese food industry was put forward.
It is important to develop a healthy and stable cotton production in China, because cotton is one of the most economically important crops in China. Firstly, the main achievements gained among the "11th Five-year Plan" of cotton researches on basic research, transgenic insect-resistant, molecular breeding, and technologies that can utilize varieties efficiently were introduced;secondly, the main problems of cotton production such as the shortage of production capacity, the damage of the verticillium wilt, and the threats produced by secondary pests were described;finally, in order to improve the innovativeness and competitiveness of China's cotton production, the following suggestions on cotton production development were provided: explore saline land and dry land to plant cotton, cultivate especial-early varieties that can be sowed after the harvest of wheat or rape, improve the technology application of molecular design breeding and promote the automation of cotton production to reduce labor intensity.
The behaviors of knowledge in designing human purposeful activities are studied. The knowledge flow and the efforts in making the knowledge more complete via competition, i.e. the knowledge evolution in design are analyzed. The relations between innovation and design and the knowledge essentiality of innovation and design are discussed. The study reveals that design is based on existed knowledge and centered on new knowledge acquirement. The study also gives the incompleteness and competitiveness of knowledge in design. Since innovation has been identified as a basic driving force of the mode transformation of economic development, the behaviors of knowledge should be important issues to be studied in design science.
Steel output per unit GDP is an important index for controlling steel output, for energy-saving, materials-decreasing and wastes-reducing of steel industry. This paper first gave the definition of steel output per unit GDP, introduced the concept and calculating formula of "in-use steel", Then two times of transformation for the definition formula of steel output per unit GDP were undertaken to obtain the new definition formulas with analytic function. Steel output and energy consumption, materials consumption & wastes emission of steel industry were analyzed by using the new definition formulas of steel output per unit GDP, calculating formulas of steel output, energy consumption, materials consumption & wastes emission. Finally parameters related to steel industry were categorized and overall view for comprehensive promoting energy-saving, materials-decreasing and wastes-reducing of steel industry were put forward.
Concrete cracking is a very popular problem throughout the civil engineering construction. In this paper, the harms and causes of concrete crack were analyzed first. Thereafter, new strategies for control cracking were proposed. An amphiphilic monolayer was introduced to reduce the evaporation rate and inhibit plastic shrinkage cracking of early-age concrete. A new chemical admixture with combined effect of water reduction and shrinkage reduction was developed for decreasing cracking risk of shell structure as well as thin-walled structure. Based on the regulation of early age hydration of cement, a new technology was introduced for impro-ving temperature control effect of mass concrete. At last, a telechelic toughening material was also recommended to improve the toughness of concrete and thus reduce its brittleness.
Nuclear energy is a carbon-free, clean and efficient energy. It is very important in the progress of human civilization and modern development of the world. However, there are still some problems such as nuclear leak and nuclear waste. In this paper, the world's nuclear energy utilization and nuclear power plant constructions are reviewed and plans are forecasted. The basic reason of previous nuclear power plant accidents in history is summarized. Taking 2011 Tohuku earthquake -fukushima nuclear power station accident as an example, threats to the nuclear power plant by earthquake are investigated and impacts on social, economic and ecological environment caused by nuclear power station accident are analyzed. This paper drew lessons from previous accidents and put forward a variety of countermeasures which are from both the technical and management aspects. This paper also put forward some suggestions. Security measures of the existing nuclear power plants should be assessed carefully. The long-term construction plan of the nuclear power plant should be improved. In addition, emergency management mechanism of the nuclear power plant can be enhanced in the future. The earthquake monitoring and earthquake early-warning system is critical and promoted to be established widely. The nuclear probability safety analysis (PSA) could be investigated in depth. The security education of the public should be continuously popularized and disaster drills be carried out regularly. International cooperation and communication are also advocated to be strengthened. All these measures can be significant in human process to explore nuclear energy correctly. We also appeal people all over the world to respect the nature, enjoy the nature, and to create and enjoy the new civilization of human beings.
This paper introduced the seismic design requirements of nuclear power plant, the seismic design situation of the unit in construction or in service, and the serious consequence impacted by earthquake. Then, it described in brief the measures on seismic analysis taken by countries who own nuclear power plants in the world after the Fukushima nuclear accident, and gave a particular introduction about the improvement taken by China Guangdong Nuclear Power Holding Co. Ltd. Finally, this paper presented some steps for the new nuclear power plants at the seismic design and evaluation to enhance the seismic capacity of nuclear power plants through technical means.
The article introduces seismic input of nuclear power plant in the world briefly, and mentions some exploratory work for seismic-isolated foundation of nuclear island in France, Japan and China. The article mainly focuses on a general concept design of nuclear island seismic-isolated foundation for AP1000 units by our institute. There are more useful information for seismic input of nuclear power plant & seismic-isolated foundation of nuclear island as a reference.
This paper introduces the development of performance-based method (PBM) for seismic design and evaluation of nuclear safety related structure in nuclear power station in U. S., and systematically explains and discusses the PBM. Based on the updated research and available standards and codes, the main content of PBM includes following 5 aspects: Category of systems structures and components(SSC) according to different performance goal, Determination of performance goal of SSC, determination of seismic input based on PSHA, Fragility Analysis of SSC, and ensure sufficient conservatism of fragility safety to reasonably achieve target performance goal. This paper also gives some recommendations on the research and development of PBM in the future.
uclear power is one of energy resources that China will vigorously develop for a long term from now on. The issue of nuclear power security guarantee is a key to ensure the smooth implementation and the safe operation of the nuclear power plant construction. However, because of the vast territory of China, the great differences in geological conditions and the complex natural conditions of ocean, as well as a wide range of seismic activity, high strength and high frequency of earthquakes in China, nuclear power buildings based on current standardized design methods are facing problems. Moreover, the lessons of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident due to destructive earthquake come out new problems to Chinese seismic safety of nuclear power engineering. In this paper, by combining engineering practice in recent years of nuclear power engineering seismic safety evaluation of the Dalian University of Technology, the key issues and the research methods in the structural seismic safety of Chinese nuclear power projects and some progress made by the Dalian University of Technology in the study of "the function failure mechanism and seismic safety evaluation of the nuclear power plant engineering structures under earthquake" are introduced. It mainly includes the method and strategy to analyze the foundational seismic adaptability of nuclear power plant, and seismic safety evaluation on water supply and drainage structures of nuclear power plant and seismic resistance and disaster prevention researches on engineering structures related to nuclear safety.
Based on the recent practical work of evaluation of seismic safety for the nuclear power plant site selection and construction in China, some key issues were discussed involved in the determination of site specific design ground motion for nuclear power plants, including the seismic hazard analysis methods, the ground motion attenuation relations, and the methods of determining design ground motion parameter. The countermeasure change was analyzed to consider the uncertainty of ground motion attenuation relation and the ground motion attenuation relation of diffuse earthquake; the differences were discussed between the computed results from the probabilistic method and the approaches of the diffuse earthquakes and tectonic earthquakes in the deterministic method, and their controlling effects were also discussed on the determination of site specific design ground motion. The results indicated that: a. comprehensive consideration of seismic hazard analysis results from the deterministic method and probabilistic method is the basic ideas of determining design ground motion parameters in the evaluation of seismic safety for nuclear power plant sites, in which the diffuse earthquake is a special problem considered; b. the controlling effects of the computed results from the probabilistic method and deterministic method on the determination of site specific design ground motion are affected by the seismicity in the study area; c. in the weaker seismicity areas, site specific design ground motion parameters are mostly controlled by the computed results from the deterministic method, especially from the approach of diffuse earthquake, but in relatively strong seismicity areas, site specific design ground motion parameters are more likely controlled by the computed results from the probabilistic method.
The competence of resisting nature extreme disaster is widely concerned after Fukushima nuclear incident in Japan. Many countries carry through investigation actively. The seismic is one of primary threatens for nuclear power plant safety. Therefore the seismic ability of nuclear power plants becomes the investigative emphasis. The floor response spectra is the input of the seismic design for nuclear plant systems, structures and components,and the important part of the seismic design, which is holding the balance in nuclear plant seismic safety. In this paper we use the third generation nuclear power plant example that is ACP1000 normal design excogitated by the China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., LTD. themselves to expatiate the reasonable seismic input and the advanced analysis method for China. Through introducing the input, the analysis process and the method about the ACP1000 floor response spectra are calculated. Then it has significant effect for improving the nuclear power plant seismic design and seismic safety.
The primary energy portfolio in China decides that Chinese power supply is mainly made up of coal-fired power. To optimize coal-fired power structure, promote energy conservation and emission reduction and develop coal-fired power in a clean and efficient way, great efforts have been made by the power industry to energetically develop and apply ultra supercritical coal-fired power generation technology. Practices have proved that developing advanced coal-fired power generation technology is an important guarantee for solid and fast development of the power industry. This paper reviews the R&D process of the domestic ultra supercritical coal-fired power generation technology, and concludes the success experiments. Given the current situation in China and current research statues of EURO and U.S.,it proposes the development and suggestions for developing higher parameters and higher efficiency advanced ultra supercritical coal-fired power generation technology.
Optimal selection of dam type is a complicated decision-making problem. It needs not only the experienced experts familiar with practical engineering, but also objective decision analysis technology. Comprehensively analyzing various factors affecting the rockfill dam type selection, a hierarchical structure model is established. Considering the defects of AHP method and Entropy method in confirming weight, the two methods are combined together to calculate integrated weight. Then this model is solved using TOPSIS method. Finally the optimum scheme of dam type is obtained. The practical application shows that this method is easy and the results are reliable. It can provide support for making decisions in optimal selection of rockfill dam type.
The energy "Golden Triangle", which consists of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Ningxia, accounts for two-thirds of coal reserves and the overall coal production of China. The energy “Golden Triangle” plays an important role in the country's coal supply network, but it has only 3.9 percents of water resource in China. According to the contradiction between modern coal mining and severe water scarcity, the groundwater migration law and surface ecology environment self-recovery law with the development of modern coal mining is revealed, using innovative research method based on modern coal mining project of Shendong area. The coal mine distributed underground reservoirs and surface ecology recovery technology is firstly developed under the condition of modern coal mining in Western China, and the demonstration project is successfully established, which puts forward effective technical way to conservation of water resources and surface ecology recovery.
Flood event occurred in Chao Phroya River of Thailand in 2011 induced a great disaster to the local people. During and after the flood Chinese Government sent experts to Thailand to offer some consultant about the flood disaster reduction. All the work carried by the Chinese experts were highly evaluated by the Thai Government and people. This paper briefly evaluated the flood event. Some problems were also discussed based on the international experience on flood disaster reduction. Some suggestions about the following actions to strengthen the flood disaster prevention capability were listed.