The Chinese nation has a long history of five thousand years in that the preserved ancient engineering and construction wonders are true reflections of the ancient Chinese civilization,wisdom and ideological essence and the traditional Chinese ideas and concepts. This paper lists a number of the wonders representing the highest achievements in the history of ancient Chinese engineering and construction and expounds their engineering skills and construction (architectural) features. On this basis, the characteristics of engineering and construction in ancient China are summed up with further analyzing of the essence in ancient engineering management thoughts,that is,the "people-oriented" and "harmonization between the people and the nature". Based on the study of history and characteristics of Chinese engineering and construction the purpose is to provide the basic support for grasping the essence of engineering management and developing of modern engineering management.
Petroleum is an important strategic resource related to national security and China is relatively lack on it. Saving automobile fuel and improving utilization efficiency are particularly important. Problems of utilization of automobile fuel insufficiently in China at present are pointed out. Factors influenced automobile fuel economy, development of vehicle technology trends and policy measures for saving fuel are analyzed. Proposed that policy measures advocated oriented concept of giving priority to conservation, efficiency; focuses on the development and application of a variety of fuel-saving technologies, to improve the quality of fuel, to speed up the elimination of old model vehicles, and actively develop alternative fuels, vigorously develop public transport and modern logistics are the effective way of China's automobile fuel economy and emission reduction.
Based on recirculating aquaculture mode technological process, combined with nearly years' aquaculture mode scientific research and industrial development, focused on water treatment and application, this paper summarized and discussed big particle filter, ozone disinfection, gas floating comprehensive treatment, biological filter, ultraviolet radiation sterilization, pH adjustment and other aspects of water conditioning respectively, which can provide corresponding reference for impelling the precision and practical water treatment process and establishing the high-end recirculating aquaculture mode for the situation of China in the future.
For application purpose, this paper gave an introduction on designing FY-3 function, planning the FY-3 satellite and the ground engineering system requirement as a whole with the systematic engineering method, reasonably locating the receiving stations, and scientifically allocating the task for each functional unit of the ground system, so that the ground application system was built with realization of optimized overall function and effectiveness.
The principle and methods on thermal/vacuum (T/V) testing of microwave humidity sounder (MWHS) on FY-3B satellite were described; correction algorithms on calibration errors were developed, and some main specifications of MWHS-3B, such as linearity, sensitivity and calibration precision, were obtained. The parameters derived from the T/V testing had been used in in-orbit data processing to produce brightness temperature products in FY-3B ground system.
Microwave humidity sounder (MWHS) is one of payloads on the Fengyun-3A (FY-3A) satellite. This paper introduces its structure, operation status and data receiving and processing. The paper constructs an inversion model using artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm, and makes comparison with advanced microwave sounding unit advanced microwave sounding unit-B(AMSU-B). The results demonstrate that the model can be operated successfully. Using the simulated brightness temperatures from MWHS from July to December in 2008 in Beijing, the paper derives water vapor density profiles and gives analysis of root mean square. Meanwhile, the paper focuses on brightness temperature values of different scanning lines when the typhoon comes. The paper demonstrates that FY-3A satellite MWHS can retrieve the water vapor density profiles, cloud liquid water and other related information. Also, in the process of monitoring the tropical typhoon and cyclone and judging the trend of them, FY-3A satellite MWHS also plays a very important role.
This paper discussed the development direction of microseismic monitoring technology, pointed out that improve the quality of microseismic monitoring system, reduce the front end noise of the instrument, record more and smaller microseismic, tamp the theoretical foundation of microseismic monitoring, and increase the number of microseismic monitoring stations so as to obtain more information that can be compared are important directions for the development of microseismic technology. The introduction of conventional seismic exploration theory can also increase the level of microseismic monitoring, and form complete theory of microseismic. Above are important directions of microseismic monitoring technology development. With the development of technology, microseismic monitoring technology can also be used in seismic exploration and safety prediction of mine, reservoir besides oilfield fracturing and water monitoring.
Seismic exploration method, a kind of the geophysical exploration methods, has a wide range of application, which is not only good at oil and gas resources exploration areas, but also other mineral deposits. This paper mainly expounds the technical ideas in oil and gas exploration, combined with rich potassium brine of the seismic response characteristics, determine the formation of deep rich potassium brine of seismic data interpretation method and application effect. The author summarizes the seismic exploration technology and process which is used to explain the looking for brine mineral resources. The practical application in a rich brine potassium of the eastern Sichuan Basin shows that the seismic prospecting method can better delineation of potassium rich brine reservoir, and then put forward exploration prospect area.
According to the practical reservoir characteristics of the study area, the feasibility of horizontal wells development was analyzed, and the result showed that the reservoir characteristics of study area were suit to develop horizontal wells. Based on the establishment of three-dimensional fine geological modeling of study area, using numerical simulation, the well network pattern, length of the horizontal section, well spacing, row spacing and development indicators were predicted. The simulation result showed that the optimal well network was the symmetrical horizontal section, and the horizontal well had echelonment horizontal sections traversing the two layers of Mawu12 and Mawu13, and the well spacing and row spacing were both 2 100 m. The result of development indicators prediction showed that, after 10 years, the recovery percentage was 48.78 %, which was 16.6 % higher than that of vertical wells. The study result can guide the study area to develop efficiently.
Taking 3 kg 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosive exploding in the explosion water-well with steel-linner with internal diameter and depth both of 11 m as the research object, based on numerical simulation, several concerned dynamics problems in the design of explosion well, such as the influence of thickness of the steel-inner and concrete cofferdam thickness to the force and deformation of the steel, setting the bubble curtain in the well to improve the facilities security and so on, are studied. The results show that the underwater explosion shock wave parameters in the well are consistent with the result of the calculation by P. Cole formula. The biggest force and deformation of the inner wall of the steel-inner appears below the horizontal line of the center of the charge, when the thickness of steel-inner reaches 50 mm. The equivalent plastic strain where is 1.6 m far away from the bottom of steel-inner can attain 0.16 %, but this does not meet the conditions of the strength theory. When the thickness of steel lining is 20 mm, plussing 0.5 m thick concrete cofferdam,the explosion well with steel-inner meets the requirements of safety design. Setting a bubble curtain, the radius of which is 4.9 m and the thickness is 0.05 m, can make the peak pressure of the shock wave near the steel wall be decreased by 40.6 %. When the thickness of the steel-inner is 20 mm and the thickness of concrete cofferdam is over 0.35 m, it will be able to meet the requirements of the security design by taking the bubble curtain method to attenuate the shock wave. The conclusions above can offer the method and the basis for the structural design of the explosion well with steel-inner and safety assessment.
The underground energy storage utilizing salt rock caverns is the national key strategic development of energy reserves. Salt mines in China are characterized as shallow burial, stratified distribution and multiple interlayers, that increasing the possibility of storage disasters. Therefore, establishing a synthetic evaluation system for the risk of underground salt rock energy storage is of a great necessity. Based on the statistical analysis of salt rock underground storage risk events, the main risk factors have been attained and the risk of underground storage has been identified. Accordingly, the underground storage risk assessment method and criterion have been set, the risk probability is calculated by the numerical simulation to assess the risk level of Jintan salt rock storage, and a model test has been conducted to verify the result, Underground Salt Rock Gas Storage Risk Information Management and Assessment has been developed via computer network technology, and salt rock underground energy storage risk integrated assessment and management system has been established.
With the unceasing development of the traffic tunnels in subway and highway engineering, sometimes the tunnels pass through rivers or lakes, so slurry shield method with large diameter is often used in the underwater tunnel construction. The underwater tunnel with large diameter has the characteristics of high risk, difficult to control, more uncertain risk factors, which will cause greater risk in construction process. Risk assessment is more and more applied in underwater tunnel construction safe management. The characteristics of using slurry shield with large diameter in underwater tunnel were introduced in this paper, and the mechanism that how the characteristics arouse the increase of risk was analyzed. According to the disadvantages of previous risk assessment methods, an improved index method was put forward, and the assessment process and main calculate model of this method were given. This method has been used in an underwater tunnel in Nanjing subway engineering, the application results show that this method can adapt the dynamic change of risk factors and it can be better applied in underwater tunnel construction safety risk assessment.
The stability of surrounding rock is closely connected with the settlement of the crown during construction of shallow-buried road tunnel in gravel strata. Therefore, simulation analysis of different construction methods was used to get the settlement law of the crown to optimize the project as a goal controlling settlement of the crown and stability of surrounding rock. At the same time, the better method of construction was put forward to analyze different excavation path and stage length. The result showed that the crown settlement easily took place during excavation of shallow tunnel and with different construction methods, the difference of crown settlement was great. It is found that CRD method is the most appropriate for gravel strata tunnel because the crown settlement is lest and the stress releasing is slow and gradual and the stress transfer is more effective than CD method. Compared with site monitoring, the result is more identical. The conclusion can provide the reference for similar engineering.
The collusion action in bidding system of our construction field is seriously damaging the normal order of bidding. The purpose of this paper is to effectively manage the collusion in bidding and to promote the healthy development of bidding market. Based on 36 currently used preventive measures in terms of effectiveness and feasibility in construction market, statistic analysis is taken by SPSS software to analyze the opinions of investigated experts in construction field through 112 valid questionnaires. The result shows that the effectiveness of 36 measures is generally higher than the feasibility, and poor feasibility is an important factor to block the effect of preventive measures. Based on this, the paper established a collusion prevention system in bidding of our construction market according to the measures with high effectiveness. The prevention mechanism of each measure is stated in detail. The aim is to increase the feasibility of the measure and provide some helpful advice to prevent collusion in bidding.