First of all, the necessity of the authentic, unique and universal digital city geospatial framework construction was summarized in this paper. And then, the general idea, construction progress, effect and impact were introduced in detail. After that, according to the times development, technology progress and demand change, the new development opportunities, challenges and problems that the geospatial framework facing now were discussed. Finally, the construction goal and contents of spatiotemporal framework in the smart city stage were clearly stated in this paper, as well as the direction of technical breakthrough in the next step.
To improve the uniqueness location information described by spatial relationship and accuracy of spatial relationship reasoning result,the description model of the integrated topological and directional relations in three-dimensionall(3D) space was developed. The topological directional regions were described by Allen interval pair[(R1,R2,R3)], where R1,R2 and R3 are Allen interval relations between object and reference in X, Y and Z axis projection respectively. According to definition of integrated topological and direction relation, the qualitative reasoning of integrated topological and directional relations were studied. Empirical examples were provided to show the qualitative reasoning process and results of topological direction relationships for some classical cases. Combined tables of the integrated topological and directional relations were obtained when the topological relations were disjoint in 3D space.
In the paper,the formal representation of topological relationships are proposed according to our early research results, and the characters are also introduced. Based on these characters, the results for com-posite topological relations are introduced. At last, the applications in spatial reasoning are proposed.
Firstly,it analyzed the concept of space, and then discussed the characters of topological relationship unrelated with entities. Secondly, it proposed the topological representation of entities and its shortage. Lastly, the method considered the metric characters was suggested.
Directional relation is very important in GIS,but because of depending on the size of objects,it is difficult to make a formal description and determination. In this paper on the basis of CDR,a solution using Voronoi Region of MBR is suggested,and the wonderful results have been acquired.
This paper discussed several key problems in the automatic annotation of linear elements,proposed to calculate the positioning line of a linear element using reference annotation line and to achieve dynamic segmentation of reference annotation line using reverse Douglas algorithm, using the segmentation result to choose smooth parts of linear elements as candidate annotation positions. On this basis,get the candidate position and score for every letter, then resolve the conflicts between annotations using taboo algorithm. The problem of vague and invisible representation of linear element annotations was solved and the integrity and aesthetics of automatic annotation output were achieved.
The concept of spattio model is proposed firstly in this paper. Furthermore, it points out that the graphic system based on spattio model will degenerate into a simple geodatabase if it doesn't have the ability to dynamically generate spatial relations. At last, the paper proposes the new method called four-adjacent mathematical model (4-adj model) based on Voronoi diagram to dynamically infer the spatial relations in spattio model, and gives the only complete inference rules, together with the advantage and disadvantage.
A contour tree has been found many important applications in extraction of terrain structure lines, terrain analysis, etc. A regular contour tree expressing the spatial relationship of contours is difficult to build, even with data of high quality. A new method is proposed in this paper： classify contours into close group and open group; build contour tree for each group respectively; finally amalgamate these two contour trees into one. With the elevation values, spatial relationship of contours is of easy accessibility. The result shows that the above mentioned method is correct and effective.
The protective engineering is an important constituent part of the deterrent force of national defense, and of great strategic position. The earth penetrating weapons (nuclear and non-nuclear) developing by countries with military power have already posed a great threat to the safety of our protective engineering. On the summary of the developing earth penetrating weapons, the damage effects of earth penetrating weapons are reviewed, with emphasis on penetrating effect, crater effect and explosion ground shock effect. Aiming at the main threatens, the major measures and technological approaches are discussed. And several key scientific problems, including comprehensive protection system, nonlinear deep rock mass mechanics, pendulum type wave and ultra-low friction phenomenon, and gather effect of several n-bombs, are proposed, which are with urgent need to be researched.
Internal explosion has become one of the main forms of explosion disasters faced by buildings. According to chemical explosive internal explosion and combustible gas mixture interior deflagration, the domestic and international researches are summarized and commented from theoretical analysis, experimental study and numerical simulation. It shows that most research results are obtained by explosion experiment or numerical simulation in containers and pipes, and the buildings' characteristics and functions are considered little in the corresponding theoretical model of internal explosion.
Urban underground space is important and necessary part for urban comprehensive anti-disaster. Along with the acceleration of urbanization and underground space use, urban comprehensive anti-disaster is facing challenges. International scholars have paid more attention to urban comprehensive anti-disaster with using the anti-disaster features of underground space. Analyzing typical engineering examples and research development of the role of underground space in urban comprehensive anti-disaster, some suggestions with regard to using underground space for urban comprehensive anti-disaster in our country are put forward, which is also reference for underground space using in our country.
Research on nonlinear mechanical behavior for deep rock mass has become the focus for current international rock mechanics community. The difficulty lies in how to describe the rock mass properties in large dynamic deformation and failure. The test reviews the research results for failure mechanism of deep rock mass, basic problems in dynamic damage process(time effect, fracture description and so on) and characteristic scientific phenomena(zonal disintegration, rock burst). And it shows that: The problems of deep rock mass are in four dimensional spaces, it is the evolution of the stress state on excavation life scale. To study on the deformation and failure mechanism of deep rock mass, the concept of time and space must be established. To reveal the real deformation and failure process at present, we must continue to study within the framework of continue mechanics based on the theory of micro-meso physics mechanics. Time parameter must be introduced in strength theory as characteristics of plastic flow and failure process, and reasonable means must be adopted to describe the fracture damage of rock mass. The zonal disintegration and rock burst are two phenomena of one scientific problems, they should be explained and simulated by a unified theory.
Bomb attack is the cruelest and the most sanguinary terrorist activity, and it is hard to keep away. Prevention and removing technology is the most direct means against terrorist attack explosion. It contains the equipment and means of explosive search, removing and prevention. Nowadays, there has been great progress in prevention and removing technology against terrorist attack explosion. However, there are still several technical problems. This paper analyzes the pattern of terrorist attack activity, the equipment and shielding technology of explosive search and removing. It studies the technical means of explosive detection, prevention and removing, and puts forward research idea directly to the limitation of current existing equipment and technology.
This paper points out the main issue of our building automation system is that the system has been integrated as weak current, which leads to be incompatibility between automation system and facility. It analyses the integration objectives, phrasing and evaluation criterion of facility automation system, and proposes the integration method about automation system and facility system in protective engineering, which aimed at the function of system, enhanced the coordination between automation system and facility system in all aspects of design, construction, programming and debugging, and even the development stage of product and management strategies.
With the aim to promote the amalgamation between military engineering and command systems or weapon platforms, this paper introduces the ideas and technologies of internet of things (IoT) into the research area of military engineering, proposes the research concept: IoT of military engineering (MEIoT). In the paper, the basic concept of MEIoT is defined, and the conceptual model of it is also established. On the basis of discussing the technology challenges of MEIoT, this paper presents several research advances and fruits of the authors on the military-engineering-sensing technologies, network transportation technologies in special spaces of military engineering, the data mining and managing technologies for multi-mode data in military engineering, and software paradigm of MEIoT. Finally, an example of MEIoT applied in naval ports is provided. The research of MEIoT will be of great significance to enhance the integrated supporting and protective ability of military engineering.
To effectively express the protective engineering space object, and effectively support various topology operation and military damage applications, a component-based entity model design scheme and its quality was proposed for the active load section of protective engineering. According to the design variety and validity confirmation in component-based protective engineering entity model, the positive and negative ideal intuitionistic fuzzy design project was determined, and respectively comparing the distance from the design project to the positive and negative ideal project, the superiority degree model was established for the component-based entity model design projects, which further gained the sequence of such projects. Case showed that model effectively solved the decision-making problem about entity model design operations, which provided one theory and method for scientific decision-making practice in entity model design operation for such active load section of protective engineering.