The controversy on ‘design science’ since the end of 19th century was reviewed. An analysis of the change of the cognition and idea of design in the ‘period of pre-industrial design’, ‘period of industrial design’ and ‘period of post-industrial design’ was given, especially in the period of industrial design. The change came following a rapid increase of the production capacity in meeting material needs. In fact, when the capacity could not meet material needs the competition of industrial production is scale expanding priority. Until an extremely expanding led to an overcapacity and a series of social problems the competition became to innovation priority. The change of competition paradigm changes the cognition and idea of design: from a rational and systematic design which ensured the large scale production of material products and followed the principles of material transformation into a creation leading design which tracks the desire of people in pursuing new things and better life which must meet simultaneously the material needs, psychological needs and social needs. Which design can make the innovation successful is decided by competition, not only the competition in market but also the competition in the social development process. The problem now is not that one who can or cannot design but the design with or without competitiveness. China is now on the way of mode transformation of economic development and it is very important to push forward the study of design science and make clear the change in design cognition and idea. The concepts of ‘competitive design’ and ‘inheriting design’ are suggested in the paper and discussed.
According to the structural characteristics of petroliferous basin can be divided into three major basins：Craton basins，Rift basins and Foreland basins，thousands of which developed in the global. The distribution of oil-gas is discussed in the three major basins. Oil and gas is mainly distributed in the paleo uplift，paleo slope，regional unconformity，fault belt of the Craton basins，and is also distributed in the structural belt，steep slope belt，gentle slope belt of the Rift basins and in the fault-folded belts，slope belt，overthrust belt，depression belt of the Foreland basins，which proved that it has important guiding significance in the oil-gas exploration.
This paper indicates that the development of satellite navigation system should correspond to defense strategy and equipment capacity, and a regional navigation system covering neighboring countries and the western Pacific is able to meet the recent military and civilian demands. The adverse conditions of constructing satellite navigation system in our country are analyzed and satellite constellation of avoiding adverse conditions is designed.
Based on the design and complete construction techniques of 500m-span concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridge, a feasibility study on design and construction techniques of 700m-span CFST arch bridge was conducted. The general design and construction schemes were figured out, and key techniques were detailed studied such as manufactory and installation of arch ribs, concrete grouting in tube, etc.. The results showed that there are no technical hurdles to build 700m-span CFST arch bridges. Considering economical efficiency, safety and other factors, CFST arch bridge is a strong competitor when building a 700m-span bridge and should be put on engineering practice and spread as soon as possible.
Jinchuan nickel mine is well known for its high crustal stress, thick and large ore body and unstable ore rock in the mining industry. It is well noted by domestic and overseas mining industry for the the huge orebody mining difficulty and high filling cost. In recent years, with the depth of mining approching 1000 meters and stope area exceeding 100 square kilometers, "three high" mining environment, which is characterized by high temperature, high pressure and high osmotic pressure, is more and more significant. As a consequence, the safty of deep ore body and the mining efficiency are seriously challenged. In this thesis the problems and challenges faced by deep mining is overviewed firstly. Then the control problems of roadway and stope face stablity faced by mining production are stated. Catastrophe risk of instability caused by stope wall rock deformation and rock strata movement is analyzed. At last, proposing technical difficulties that the jinchuan deep mining safely and efficiently should be overcame, providing clear research direction for improving development ability and the comprehensive utilization of resources.
Shallow buried section under river valley of Guan Jiao tunnel has done a series of research on support mechanical behaviour and scheme for tunnel in weak wall rock with rich water. Pressure of surrounding rock, stress in the steel frames, axial force of rock bolts and water pressure on lining are obtained by monitoring in test section. The result indicates that primary support can't be effectively controlled, inrush of clay and water and collapse occour sometimes, and the present support scheme can't meet safe construction requirements. By a comprehensive analysis of monitoring data, adjustment to support scheme is made. In v class surrounding rock section, lead pipe-shed and small pipe is set in the range of 120 degree at arch part , grouting reinforcement with small pipe is conducted in wide joints of driving face. Five meters grouted rock bolts, I20 steel frames and double layer mesh at arch wall consists of the primary support. In vi class surrounding rock section, Zero degree lead pipe-shed set with pipe shed workroom in the range of 180 degree at arch part and 1m below and whole section advance level drilling grouting are the main measures of advance support 7.5m self-drilling bolt, I20 steel frames, steel temporary support and double waterproof board consists of the primary support. These research results can provide theoretical basis and underlying date for support scheme for Shallow buried tunnel under river valley, and have high referential value for design and construction decision-making of analogous project.
Relying on the construction under crossing the existed south Tongpu Railway with a small included angle at Gaoqiao tunnel of Zhengzhou-Xi’an high speed rail, carrying out the test and study, the mechanical characteristics and key construction techniques of the double-layer support system of large-section loess tunnels by benching method are acquired. It successfully resolved the construction difficulties of super-large-section tunnel (171m2) under crossing the operating railway in the depth of only 11m under sandy neoloess, thus to have the significant reference for the design and construction of the similar engineering.
The levee system of the lower Yellow River was designed based on 1000- year flood elevation prior to the construction of Xiaolangdi Reservoir，and it was super-elevated by 2.5 to 3 m for safety reason. The embankment behind the levee due to deposition was measured to be 100 m wide. After the operation of Xiaolangdi reservoir，the channel of the wide reach was scoured around 2 m，and for the narrow reach the scoured depth was more than 1 m. Under the new condition which the flood has been reduced continuously，fundamental changes have taken placed for the flood protection situation，and there is no possibility of levee breaching in the future. The reasonable control measures for the lower Yellow River were discussed in the paper. In the middle reach，improve the flood and sediment regulation system centered on Xiaolangdi Reservoir，and manage to transport more sediment by flood. In the lower reach，carry out two banks training to stabilize the main channel，form an efficient flood discharge and sediment transport corridor，control the scour to avoid over-eroding of river bed to ensure the water diversion and non-overtopping of the flood. By using this approach，the floodplain can be reasonably utilized，and many issues like river flowing transversely and diagonally can be fully resolved. The lower Yellow River will have more beneficials uses instead of posing more hazards.
A novel type of offshore wind turbine foundation, which is named gravity foundation with anchors, has been proposed recently. The effects of key parameters of anchor on bearing behavior of this type of foundation were investigated in this study by carrying out the finite element analysis. It was found that increasing the number of anchors not only improves the bearing capacity of foundation but also reduces the axial force of each anchor. However, when the number of anchors is increased to certain extent, the spacing between two anchors becomes too small and then the load-carrying zones in the subsoil are overlapped, thereby causing the superposition of stress and reducing the bearing efficiency of anchors. Therefore, the number of anchors should be optimized. Regarding the effect of diameter of anchors, the analysis showed that the bearing capacity of foundation increases almost linearly with the diameter of anchors. In other words, the larger the diameter of anchors the greater contribution for the stability of foundation provided by the anchors. Therefore, the diameter of anchors should be as large as possible. It was also found that the increase in the diameter of anchor rings is equivalent to the increase in the arm of anti-moment provided by the anchors. However, ince the anchors can change equivalent stiffness of the subsoil, the bearing capacity under vertical loading increases firstly but decreases subsequently as the diameter of anchor ring increases. Consequently, it is essential to evaluate bearing capacity from various aspects and determine appropriate diameter of anchor rings for design.
Three-dimensional modeling of automotive transmission test rig is established based on Solidworks in this paper. The stress nephogram, modal parameters, the natural frequencies and vibration features of automotive transmission test rig are identified through transient Analysis and modal analysis based on ANSYS. The results lay the foundation to further study on vibration, fatigue, noise and also provide reference for structural optimization design of automotive transmission test rig.
In this paper, for achieving fast speed response and stabily statical characteristics in permanent magnet synchronous motor, a vector control system based on DSP is introduced. The vector control is embedded into the control systerm, and the mathematical mode and driving principle is given. The simulation and experiment result show this vector control syserm is highly dynamic, meeting the requirements of control system for hybrid electric vehicles, achieving the desired design goals, making the permanent magnet synchronous motor gets fast speed response and stabily statical characteristics
This article explored the possibility of spread of weak seismic signals and low attenuation. The results showed that both underground seismic signal propagation medium showed a degree of elasticity，the vibration signal amplitude，just below the elastic limit attenuation is very small，showing low attenuation characteristics. This feature ensures that on the ground，and even the loess coverage area of micro seismic signal detected.
According to the request of emission reduction of industry and total ammonia amount control in 12th five-year plan periods,this paper investigates the comprehensive evaluation methods of emission reduction technologies---a case study of nitrogen fertilizer. Aiming at the problems of domestic environmental technologies evaluation methods are mainly based on experts’qualitative estimate and lack of comprehensive evaluation methods, cost benefit analysis and analytic hierarchy process with grey comprehensive evaluation method were combined,a kind of evaluation method of best available technology for emission reduction of ammonia in nitrogen fertilizer industry was developed．The modeling process of the mathematical model of analytic and grey integrated evaluation method was provided with an application example analyzed．
The FSW (Friction Stir Welding) on magnesium alloy has already been widely used. Therefore, the research on its sound insulation characteristics appears particularly significant, based on the adaptive meshing technique, the FSW procedure was numerically simulated to provide constraint mode for the next acoustic calculation, which solved the problem of the material properties and achieved a combination of welding and acoustic to some extent. Subsequently, Designing and manufacturing a reverberation box measured TL (Transmission Loss) of the welded magnesium alloy plate, which could make up the shortage of a reverberation chamber in measuring the little specimen. Based on FE-SEA hybrid method, the method was employed to calculate the transmission loss which was then compared with the experimental one showed better consistency, prove feasible to predict the transmission loss in FSW on magnesium alloy. Comparisons between the welded magnesium alloy plate TL and the un-welded one could find that TL is reduced after welding. Changing the welding speed and the stir rotation speed respectively was used to observing TL in order to studying the influence of the welding parameters, which prove that the parameters should be required to set reasonable and not the bigger or smaller parameters is better.
Interaction between water mist and fire smoke is studied by experiments in ISO9705 room. The variational principles of oxygen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide concentration is disclosed and the mathematics relations of smoke component concentration with water mist pressure and ventilation speed are established according to the experimental results, it is found in the experiment that when ventilation speed exceeds 1.5kg/s the smoke component concentration breaks. This paper provides necessarily theory for water mist technology using in smoke restraining.
The binary artificial bee colony algorithm has the shortcomings of slower convergence speed and falling into local optimum easily. According to the defects, a modified binary artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed. The algorithm redesign neighborhood search formula in artificial bee colony algorithm, the probability of the food position depends on the Bayes formula. The modified algorithm was used for solving multidimensional knapsack problem, during the evolution process, it uses the greedy algorithm repairs the infeasible solution and rectify knapsack resources with insufficient use. The simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.