To evaluate the effect of curettage after uterine artery embolization and methotrexate（UACE）treatment for caesarean scar pregnancy（CSP）. A retrospective study on 140 pa-tients diagnosed with CSP between February 2003 to April 2013 at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital was carried out. 35 patients between February 2003 to March 2010 were offered systemic chemotherapy and local injection with methotrexate（MTX）prior to uterine suction curettage. 105 patients between April 2010 to April 2013 were offered prophylactic UACE prior to uterine suction curettage with using ultrasound/hysteroscopy/laparoscopy- guided uterine curettage. The operation time，blood loss，uterine retention rate，hospitalization days serum beta-HCG，menstrual recover，serious adverse effect and medical expense of two groups were recorded and compared. The results show that among 140 cases of CSP，108 cases were diagnosed in our hospital by transabdominal ultrasound and transvaginal ultrasound exactly. 3 cases were misdiagnosed in our hospital. 32 cases were referred from other hospitals where the initial management with uterine suction curettage had resulted in uncontrollable massive haemorrhage.In MTX group，33 patients with CSP recovered without complications and 2 patients underwent emergency hysterectomy for massive haemorrhage. In UACE group，100 patients were treated successfully with UACE. Three patients were received second UACE as uncontrolled massive vaginal hemorrhage. No significant difference in preoperative indicators was found between two groups including average age，menopause time，gestational sac diameter and β —HCG levels.But after the operation，we found significant difference between MTX group and UACE group in uterine retention rates. The significant differences were also observed in the amount of vaginal bleeding during uterine suction curettage：average hospitalization days，average resume time in β—HCG levels and medical expense between MTX group and UACE group. No treatmentrelated complications occurred in long-term observation in neither of the groups. Based observing our patients，it appears that ultrasound- guided curettage after uterine artery embolization combined with methotrexate may be an effective means of treatment for caesarean scar pregnancy.
This paper makes relative questionnaire from cluster sampling of induced abortion from Jan. 2011 to May 2013 as well as looking up medical records to analyze reasons of unwanted pregnancy. Among 1 360 cases of unwanted pregnancy，21.62 % are unmarried，78.38 % are married；age distribution ranges between 20～39（73.82 %）；pregnant time distri-bution is between the second and third pregnancy（57.87 %）；44.34 % is due to contraceptive failure，55.66 % is due to no contraceptive use；IUD accounts for 10.51 % of choice of contraceptive measures，use of condoms is 10.51 %，contraceptive is 8.24 %，external use is 6.62 %， other mean is 8.46 %. The main reasons of unwanted pregnancy are due to taking chances with no contraceptive use or no contraceptive use after removal of IUD；98.90 % of interviewed subjects know contraceptive knowledge，15.37 % know emergency contraception，18.38 % know the necessity of contraception measures for nursing mothers. Married people get information of the contraception knowledge mainly from medical workers，family planning cadres，publicity materials. More farmers and migrant workers are willing to get free services than urban residents，government employees，commercial service personnel and other migrants.
To learn the contraceptive willingness and it’s affecting factors among women after cesarean section in Beijing. Stratified cluster sampling and randomized data collection by questionnaires of women after cesarean section from July 2011 to December 2011 in various areas in Beijing and data analyzed by Chi-squared test and Logistic Regression. The results show that the average age of the target women was (31±4.53) years old. The median of the women’s planning intercourse after cesarean section was 7 weeks. 96.43 % of the women were unaware of the methods for postnatal contraception. Only 27.74 % of them will take contraception as soon as possible after cesarean section and 75.27 % of them preferred condom. 72.25 % of the women had no plan for contraception or will take contraceptive methods until 3 months after cesarean section. 62.64 % of the women received postnatal contraceptive counseling，condom ranked the first among the methods recommended by the doctors. The protecting factors for women take contraception as soon as possible after cesarean section were that the doctors emphasize the importance of postnatal contraception and women aware of postnatal contraception. Unmet needs of postnatal contraception were high among the target women. They hoped to get professional counseling during antenatal care or postnatal home visits. There are risks of pregnancy after cesarean section. More attention should be paid for contraception implementation as soon as possible after cesarean section. It is suggested that postnatal contraceptive services should be carried out to explore the service model in Beijing and to meet the unmet needs to reduce unwanted pregnancy after cesarean section which will be helpful to decrease the risk of induced abortion after cesarean section.
To investigate the effects of hysteroscopic and laparoscopic operation in the treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP)，a retrospective analysis of 72 cases of CSP patients in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January to December in 2013. All the patients were dignosised through serum human chorionic gonadotropin and three-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound examination. According to the local range of lesion，HCG results and Doppler ultrasound blood flow results，preoperative selective uterine artery embolization or methotrexate treatment was carried out，then further hysteroscopy，laparoscopy or combined with operation therapy was carried out. The results showed，30 cases underwent ultrasonic monitoring hysteroscopic lesion resection，12 cases were treated with laparoscopic monitoring CSP lesion resection under hysteroscopy，30 cases were treated with laparoscopy to resect lesion and repair cesarean scar，all of them received good treatment effect. The average amount of bleeding was (83±57) mL，postoperative anal exhaust time was (20±6.6) h，the time of vagina bleeding was (3.2±4.8) d，serum HCG decreased to normal time was (8.6±3.9) d，the time to discharge was (3.2±2) d. Patients with postoperative pathological diagnosis and preoperative CSP diagnosis coincidence rate was 100 %. Women with the history of cesarean section pregnancy have the possibility of CSP. Ultrasound or laparoscopy by hysteroscopy monitored CSP lesion resection is an effective treatment for CSP. It has many advantages such as excision exact，small trauma，laparoscopic lesion excision and cesarean scar repair surgery，fertility requirements of patients while repairing a cesarean scar anatomy abnormality on follow-up，and can reduce pregnancy at CSP and rupture of the uterus，placenta accreta obstetric complications such as risk.
By selecting 109 cases of infants and their mothers for the survey，the article analyzes general reference volume，the impact of feeding-related factors as well as grass-roots demand for family planning services with SPSS18.0. It builds related people- satisfied websites，explores optimizing service way，explores the scientific and standardized service examination and evaluation system，enhances the grassroots family planning services level.
The purpose of the study abortion care (PAC) in the artificial stream postoperative care in family planning. From January 2011 to January 2013，the author gynecology clinic where abortions analysis of 260 cases for the object，based on their numbers in accordance with the parity sequence has divided PAC group and control group，130 cases in each group，the PAC group after abortion care guide，while the control group only conventional treatment. Results After one year，248 valid questionnaires were returned，of which 126 points in the intervention group，122 in the control group. PAC group contraceptive knowledge and excellent postabortion care knowledge to master higher rates，quality of life scores have obvious advantages， repeated miscarriage rate was significantly lower，higher satisfaction rate. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). PAC concluded high-value care，to reduce the probability of repeat abortions and improve quality of life has a positive significance.
To evaluate the effect of post- abortion contraceptive counseling and education (PACE) on contraceptive behavior of abortion women，200 women who had abortion in the West China Second University Hospital form August 1st 2011 to September 30th 2011 were treated with conventional treatment (conventional group)，200 women who had abortion form October 25th 2011 to April 10th 2012 were treated with PACE（intervention group）. The effect of the intervention of PACE by comparison was evaluated at one month，three months and six months after abortion. The six months follow-up rate of the conventional group and intervention group were 46 %，71.5 %，respectively（P<0.01）. Compared with the rate of 10.8 % of respondents who started sex lives in four weeks after abortion in conventional group，that of the intervention group was 3.5 %（P<0.05). It was better for intervention group than conventional group on using contraceptive methods correctly(P<0.01). The rates of modern contraceptive（such as condom，oral contraceptive pills and intrauterine devices）usage of the intervention group is significant higher than that of the conventional group (P<0.01). The incidence of unplanned pregnancy (1.5 %) in the intervention group is lower than that in the conventional group (7.0 %)(P>0.05). Timely post- abortion contraceptive counseling and education is effective for abortion women to strengthen their contraceptive awareness，increase contraceptive knowledge and use correct contraceptive methods and results in promoting the women’s reproductive health．
This study aimed at exploring a new 3-dimensional reticular intrauterine device (3-DR-IUD) composed of nitinol and silicone rubber and observing the contraceptive efficacy and side effects of the device in reproductive women. The frame of the 3-DR-IUD was constructed with silicone rubber and nitinol wire. The 3-DR-IUD was placed into uterus in an outpatient procedure. One hundred and fifty- two women were divided equally into the 3-DR-IUD group (n=76) and the 2- dimensional intrauterine device (2- D- IUD) group (n=76，control group). Patient follow-ups were performed in 1～12 months post-operation. The side effects of intrauterine device (IUD)，such as abnormal leucorrhea，menstrual flow changes in uterine bleeding profusely and pain，etc，were investigated. The pregnancy rate，expulsion rate，removal rate of IUD for medical reasons and the continuation rate were evaluated. The ultrasound and pelvic X-ray were carried out to examine IUDs. The results showed that two groups with 76 cases of each successfully placed IUD and there were no severe pain during the operation. The incidence of lumbago/abdominal pain and the occurrence of leucorrhea and irregular vaginal bleeding in the 3-DR-IUD group (7.9 %，6/76) were significantly lower than that of the 2-DIUD group (40.8 %，31/76) during the first 12 months for use of IUD (P<0.000 1). The pregnancy rate，expulsion rate and take-off rate due to symptom were 0 %，0 % and 1.3 % in 3-DRIUD group，respectively，and 1 of 76 woman take-off 3-DR-IUD was due to allergy for silicon rubber. The continuation rate was 98.7 % (75/76) in the 3-DR-IUD group，comparing with the 2-D-IUD group (86.8 % ，66/76)，the difference was significantly (P=0.009). Therefore，the 3-DR-IUD demonstrates long-term patient tolerability，satisfaction and efficacy as a contraceptive.The 3-DR-IUD appears to be a new，safe and effective devise of contraception.
This study is to explore the influence of new three-dimensional and reticular intrauterine device (NTDR-IUD) on animal uterine electromyography and endometrial receptivity as the goal. Three types (short，median and long) of NTDR-IUD were placed into uterus of female white New Zealand rabbits. Conventional surgical incision was performed in the abdominal wall of rabbits，the uterine electromyography (EMG) was carried out by muscular electrophysiological testing. After placing NTDR- IUD，the slow wave frequency and average amplitude were increased. All of rabbits of control group were pregnant，and 5 pregnancies (fetal rabbits were found in the uterus without NTDR-IUD portion) in short group and 2 in median group. No pregnancy was found in the long NTDR-IUD group. The number of pregnant rabbits was signifi-cant difference between control group and the short，median and long of NTDR-IUD group (P=0.000，P=0.033 and P=0.001). The contraceptive effect of NTDR-IUD may be by interfering with uterine EMG，and related with its size and shape.
In order to understand the general state of health of the couples planning a pregnancy，carry out the progestational health education and eugenics counseling work and reduce the risk of birth defects，the data of progestational eugenic health examination for 606 pairs of couples of agro-pastoralist and floating population meeting the policy on birth and planning a pregnancy were analyzed. The number of smoking man is 381，accounting for 62.87 % of the total number of male subjects；the number of passive smoking woman is 324，accounting for 53.46 % of the total number of female subjects. A total of 152 men and women exist bad eating habits；a total of 228 men and women are exposed to pesticides and new fitment，paint and so on. The disease incidence of woman’s reproductive system phlegmonosis is the highest among the diseases detected. The results showed that the subjects are lack of progestational eugenic knowledge and apathy of eugenic sense due to the low educational level，language barriers and other factors. Therefore，we should provide comprehensive guidance for the couples planning a pregnancy according to the results of progestational eugenic health examination，so as to effectively reduce the incidence of birth defects and improve the quality of the population.
To provide evidence for effectiveness evaluation of the government project free pre- pregnancy health examination through reporting exposure of potential risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcome and pregnancy rate and the pregnancy outcome of the couples to be pregnant after free pre- pregnancy physical examination in Jingan District，Shanghai. Followups were completed to women who had a free pre-prenancy health examination in Jingan District from August 2011 to November 2012，which foucused on exposure of potential risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcome，time of pregnancy and pregnancy outcome of the women. Chisq test，life table and Logistic regression model were used for data analysis. 1 480 couples had free pre- pregnancy health examinations in the target period. Of which，84.4 % were followed up. By April 2013，48.7 % of the women who were followed up were pregnant. The cumulative pregnancy rate at 3 months and 6 months after free pre-pregnancy health examination was 23.9 % and 45.0 %，respectively. 365 women completed the follow up about pregnancy outcomes.The incidence rate of premature delivery，low birth weight，giant baby and spontaneous abortion was 3.0 %，4.3 %，3.3 % and 6.3 %，respectively. One birth defect was reported during the follow up period，accounting for 0.16% of the number of pregnant women and 0.27 % of the number of women who had pregnancy outcomes. The proportion of husbands who had unhealthy habits such as smoking or drinking ranged from 18 % to 20 %，which was much higher than that of their wives (1 %～3 %). 77 % husbands and 77 % wifives exposed to potential electromagnetic radiation over 8 hours a day. 9 % couples reported exposing to potential teratogenicity such as heavy mental，pesticide and chemical fertilizer in their daily life and work. Over 10 % wivies had exposed to potential teratogenicity after they were pregnant. Primary analysis showed no association between the above factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Since the 6-month cumulative pregnancy rate of women who had free pre- pregnancy health examination was lower than 50 %，it is necessary to evaluate the cost benefit of free pre-pregnancy health examination in Shanghai and throughout the country.
This paper aims at understanding the marriage situation of HIV infected pregnant women in Xinjiang by analyzing HIV infected cases，which were reported by the project of prevention of HIV maternal-neonatal transmission during 2010 to 2012，so as to provide reproductive health education for HIV infected women. The result shows that：The average age of 1 692 HIV infected women is 29.03，of which 53.31 % is 20～29 years old；the main route of transmission is sexual transmission (60.52 %)；most of them are first marriage，and 36.40 % of them are remarriage；pregnancy twice or more accounts for 70.69 %，even up to 10 times；delivery twice or more accouonts for 19.92 %. It can be found that the remarriage rate of HIV infected women in Xinjiang is higher than the other provinces，so it is very important to develop reproductive health education for HIV infected women.
To investigate the infective rates of toxoplasma，Rubella virus，cytomegalovirus，herpes simplex virus (TORCH ) in unborn child and pregnant women in Guangzhou City and offer the reference for maternity and child care．We detected the TORCH IgM and IgG from Jan 2013 to December 2013，serum samples from 2 046 women before pregnancy and in the early period of pregnancy in our research institute were tested by ELISA. In the survey of 2 046 women，the total positive rate of TORCH-IgM was 0.88 %，with the higher positive Rates of CMV (0.68 %) and TOX(0.20 %). In the positive Rates of TORCH-IgG，CMV was the highest，up to 97.65 %，followed by RV (85.58 %) and TOXO (4.89 %)．The infective rate of TORCH is pretty high in women before pregnancy and in the early period of pregnancy in Guangzhou，monitor actively and strengthen publicity of TORCH，early detection and early intervention，improving the quality of premarital births and reducing the occurrence of birth defects and disabilities．
To understand the incidence of chromosome breakage rates for the adverse pregnancy history in the infertility couples，we analyzed statistically the chromosomal breakage rates in the infertility couples which have adverse pregnancy history. The results show that：The male patients average age was 29.07，the female patients average age was 28.15，their age and chromosome breakage showed no correlation. The male patients have founded no breakage accounted for 32.38 % of the total in the male patients，the female patients found no chromosome breakage accounted for 37.7 % of the total number of females patients；they have 1 % of breakage rates accounted for 38.11 % of the total in the male cases and the female patients were 34.43 %；they have 2 % of breakage rates which accounted for 21.72 % in total male cases and the female were 23.36 %；they have 3 % of chromosome breakage rates which accounted for 7.79 % in the male cases and the female were 2.87 %；they have 4 %，6 % and 9 % of the chromosome breakage rates that accounted respectively for 0.82 %，0.41 %，0.41 % in total female.The chromosomal breakage rates in the male patients and female no difference (P>0.05).The average chromosome breakage rates were 1.01，their average age was 29.53 and the chromosome breakage rates were 64.96 % in the total cases. The increased rates of chromosomal breakage may be one of the important reasons for embryo damage、miscarriage and other the adverse pregnancy in the infertility couples.
To investigate the prenatal ultrasound diagnosis (B ultrasound) sonographic characteristics of fetal congenital malformations，and provide information forclinical，timely termination of pregnancy for fetal malformation，the production of pregnant womenby ultrasonography，routine obstetric fetal system，measurement，observation of fetal malformation. 42 cases of fetal malformation，2 cases were missed diagnosis.conclusion. Fetal ultrasonography has important clinical value in diagnosis of malformation.
Using 69 paired cases and controls，a 1∶1 matched case control study was carried out in Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Factors were obtained by field investigation with standardized questionnaires and hair trace element (Sb，Zn，Cu，Fe，Pb，etc.) levels were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP- MS) methods. The SPSS 19.0 Cox proportional hazard model was used to perform risk factors analysis. Results ：The antinomy contents from congenital heart disease (CHD) groups’hairs were significantly higher than that from control group (P=0.000). The larger antinomy content in pregnant women’s hair may expose their babies to a higher risk of CHD (odds ratio(OR)=33.833；95 % confidence interval (CI)：4.060～281.929). Using stainless steel tableware after the first three weeks of pregnancy (OR=8.981，95 % CI：1.085～74.327) and living around 50 m from the road (OR=11.067，95 % CI：1.025～119.521) turn out to be the major risk factors of CHD. The increase of antinomy content in pregnant women’s hair may be a risk factor of CHD.
To evaluate the effect of serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations on day of injecting human chorionic gonadotropinon(HCG) on the pregnancy outcomes in the invitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) patients. From Sep. 2011 to Sep.2012，1 270 fresh IVF cycles who comply with relevant conditions were analyzed retrospectively in Reproductive Medicine Center in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. And according to the serum progesterone value，the patients are divided into two groups，One group is the value of serum progestrone which is less than 2.0 pg/mL on the day of injecting HCG，the other is the value of serum progestrone which is equal or greater than 2.0 pg/mL on the day of injecting HCG.Then in terms of the ratio about progesterone and estradiol (P/E2)，the patients are divided into two groups with 0.6 as P/E2 cut-off point. Compared women’s age，duration of infertility，basic follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) values，the total doses of gonadotropin，the duration of stimulation，number of oocytes retrieved，number of MII oocytes，number of fertilization，number of cleavage，number of high qualified embryo，number of embryos transferred per cycle，estradiol level on the HCG day，clinical pregnancy rate (%)，embryo implantation rate (%). The higher concentration of progesterone group had more total doses of gonadotropin，duration of stimulation，number of oocytes retrieved，number of MII oocytes，number of cleavage，E2 value，but the clinical pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate were statistically decrease.There was an increase in the age of female patien, basic FSH values and total doses of gonadotropin, duration of stimulation,number of oocytes retrieved, number of fertilization,number of high qualified embryo，P values in higher P/E2 ratio group. However, there was no obvious difference was found between the pregnancy outcome. Conclusion on day of injecting HCG，serum progesterone levels can reduce clinical pregnancy rates and embryo implantation rate.
To understand the prevalence of reproductive tract infection (RTI) of floating women of childbearing age in Urumqi，stratified cluster sampling was used to recruit qualified subjects aged from 18 to 45 years old in communities of six districts and one county. Questionnaire survey，physical and laboratory examination were conducted by trained doctors. Total 106 568 female migrants were enrolled in this study. The prevalence rates of bacterial vaginitis，trichomonas vaginitis，vaginal candidiasis were 16.15 %，12.66 %，4.52 %，respectively. The total rate was 19.84 %. Some preventive and therapeutic strategies should be established according to the differences of RTI prevalence rates of different races，especially for those women with lower education，peasant，or with monthly income between 1 500 to 1 599 yuan，more interventions should be conducted in the future.
Burgis et al. reported the incidence of oblique vaginal septum syndrome (OVSS ) is 0.1 %～3.8 %. There are 3 types，and different types of OVSS have different clinical presentations.Induced abortion is hard for patients of OVSS with pregnancy，because of their complex reproductive tract anomalies. This article reported 3 types OVSS with unwanted pregnancy，1 case of each type. Through these cases，we can draw a conclusion that the diagnois and treatment of these patients are difficult，it tends to be ignored and easily misdiagnosed. So clinicians and sonographers should raise awareness of this kind of Müllerian duct anomalies；it is important to diagnose exactly and cure correctly.
To analysis the results of cervical cancer screening for rural women in Hetian District，describe their epidemical characteristics in order to suggest measures for promoting women health. The research provided epidemical instigation of cervical cancer and clinic service for local women by cluster sampling. The prevalence rate of gynaecologicaldisease is 49.62 %，most of all is cervicitis and vaginitis. The prevalence rate of cervical cancer and precancerosis is 0.09 %，early diagnosis rate is 86.05 %. Women health situation is poor with low self-care consciousness，and the screening capability of local hospital need to increase.
We performed Real-time PCR to detect the hsa-miR-197 expression levels in uterine leiomyomas tissues and paired normal myometrium separately；online databases including miRbase，UCSC，NCBI are employed to analysis the sequence conservation and genetic characteristics of hsa- miR- 197；miRNA databases such as miRanda，MirTarget2 and TargetScan are chosen to predict hsa- miR- 197 target genes；meanwhile，the intersection genes of these miRNA databases are chosen，and GO and Pathway analysis of these genes are carried out to explore the potential role of hsa-miR-197 playing in regulating the uterine leiomyomas occurrence and development. hsa-miR-197 functions in broad ground and participates in uterine leiomyomas multiple biology progress，which indicates that hsa- miR- 197 could regulate uterine leiomyomas occurrence and development.
To explore the factors affecting women’s sexual satisfaction after menopause in rural areas，thus to provide scientific evidence for elder women’s health，the authors used a multi-stage random sampling method on postmenopausal women in rural areas from five areas of Chongqing from March to August 2012. We adopted a unified approach questionnaire and physical examination. The results showed that the proportion of rural postmenopausal women’s sexual satisfaction and dissatisfaction accounted for 83.7 % and 16.3 %，respectively. The univariate analysis showed that postmenopausal women’s sexual satisfaction was correlated with 12 variables (P<0.05) including their marital status，education level，household income，family structure，whether suffering from gynecological diseases，genital tract discomfort last two weeks，living way，the need for sex，frequency of sexual life，sexual health knowledge of gerontism，perceived physical condition and conscious living conditions. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the separation methods (odds ratio (OR) =1.711，95 % confidence interval (CI) is 1.334～2.194)，a high frequency of sexual life (OR=1.694，95 % CI is 1.334～2.152)，poor performance status conscious (OR=1.281，95 % CI is 1.018～1.613) were risk factors，while the high household income (OR=0.651，95 % CI is 0.512～0.826) and a history of gynecological diseases (OR=0.689，95 % CI is 0.486～0.977) were protective factors.Therefore，there were varieties of relevant factors affecting rural postmenopausal women’s sexual satisfaction. Postmenopausal women should be paid attention to sex education so as to improve their life quality.
In 2012—2013，according to Identified Management Measures of Family Planning Operation Complications (Trial) and Classification Standard of Family Planning Operation Complications (Trial) released by the State Commission of Health and Family Planning，family planning operation complications from part of the districts (counties) of Chongqing were identified，and the municipal identifications were discussed. The results show that：In the 56 applicants for municipal identification of male sterilization postoperative complication，10 cases were eligible for postoperative complications，accounting for 25.2 %；for the self- reported symptoms，25 cases were not coincident with male sterilization postoperative complications，accounting for 44.64 %；the cases coincident with male sterilization postoperative complications were operated before 1990s. Therefore，the identification of male sterilization postoperative complication should be strictly implemented with the identification standard and be fair，open and equitable. The knowledge related to male sterilization should be fully promoted. The propaganda for popular knowledge of aged diseases and the construction of family planning technical service team should be strengthened.