Objective: To study the effect of levonorgestrel Intrauterine System on insulin-like growth factor-l (IGF-1) and the result of levonorgestrel Intrauterine System Prevention pelvic inflammatory disease. Methods: The 450 cases of hysteroscopic resection for endometrial polyps divided to study group(198 cases) who were placed levonorgestrel Intrauterine System in uterus after hysteroscopic electroresection, and control group(252 cases) who were not placted at random. The IGF-1 expression of endometrial biopsy specimens during intraoperative and rechected after 6 months were check out by immunohis to chemistry. Patients were followed up for 2Syears to analyse the effluence of pelvic inflammatory disease. Results: All patients had successful surgery. Intraoperative specimens compared with afteroperation specimens of the IGF-1 expression, there was a significant differencesSin study group but control group. Followed up for 2 years, 14 cases has pelvic inflammatory disease in study group,39 cases has pelvic inflammatory disease in control group,there was a significant differences. The thickness of endometrium after operation is lower than before operation in study group but control group. Conclusions:It may be the mainSmechanism of Prevention pelvic inflammatory disease and inhibition endometrium that Levonorgestrel intrauterine system can prevent endometrial IGF-1 expression.
Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxicity of contraceptive materials of scrotiform Intrauterine Device (IUD). Method: Make a cytotoxicity experiment with the additional liquid silicone rubber newly developed (formula: vinyl silicone oil, hydrogen silicone oil, and 1- ethynylcyclohexanol) in accordance with Part 5 of GBT16886.5-2003 Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices. 6 groups in total including blank control group (with no RPMI1640 complete culture solution of the experimental material), negative control extract solution group (high Density Polyethylene material), positive control solution group (with RPMI1640 complete solution of 6.3% phenol), 100%, 50% and 25% material extract group were set. Cultivate L-929 cell with RPMI 1640 complete culture medium ; add 100 μL blank control solution, negative extract solution and 25%, 50% and 100% material extract solutions, and observe cellular morphology under the microscope; and measure OD value with a microplate reader and observe proliferation rate of the cells. Results: Blank control group, negative control extract solution group, positive control solution group, 100% ,50%,25% material extract group’s cell cytotoxicity of experimental materials are in level 0, 1, 4, 2, 2 and 1 respectively . After 72 hours, 25% ，50% and
The combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are combinations of exogenous estrogen and progestin. The primary mode of action for COCs is thought to be suppression of the pituitary-ovarian axis by higher than physiological levels of estrogen and progestin, secondarily leading to suppression of endogenous gonadotropin and gonadal hormone secretion and ovarian function. During the hormone-free interval (HFI), COCs users experience activation of their pituitary–ovarian axis. The level of hormones and follicular development are associated with the doses of estrogen, progestin formulations and the changes of HFI.
Background：Intrauterine device（IUD）is one of the most popular method of longacting contraception，while concerns still exist as to whether the use of IUD increases the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease（PID）. In recent years many issues have been extensively researched about the relationship between bacterial biofilm（BF）and infectious diseases. We designed this study to investigate whether BF exists on IUD of non PID women ；and whether IUD increases the susceptibility to PID. Methods：For the study，we recruited 85 participants without PID and a PID patient who choosed IUD as a means of contraception. According to the cleanliness of IUD surface.IUD was removed and sent for scanning electron microscopy（SEM） or/and biological and fungal examination respectively to detect BF. Results：A total of 86 IUDs were recruited ，which include stainless steel ring，TCuIUD，Mirena，Multiload，McuIUD and γCu380 IUD. Among 25 IUDs which were observed with SEM alone，BF was discovered on a TCuIUD used for one month-a large number of bacilli /cocci and extracellular matrix coverd on the surface of copper. Other specimens had no significant discoveries. The result of 47 microbial culture alone was negative except for one suspected contaminated IUD. 14 IUDS were investigated via both microbial culture and SEM. A 33 year old stainless steel ring which removed because of the symptoms of pelvic pain，aerobic cultivation was positive.But there was no BF detected by SEM.The remaining 13 IUD had no positive result.Conclusions：There was no BF on surface of IUD removed from non- PID women regardless of IUD type；unlike other medical device，the formation of bacterial biofilm should not become a stumbling.
by observing placed intrauterine device (IUD), Aimu ring (MCU), maternal music MCU375, uterine shaped ring GCU300, TCU220C and genefex of adverse reaction conditions, for women of childbearing age informed choosing IUD to provide reference. Will 671 patients volunteered to take the placement of intrauterine device (IUD) and without contraindication of women were randomly divided into five groups, were placed in group a MCU, group B MCU375, group C GCU300, group D TCU220C, group E Ji genefex five IDU, followed up for two years. On postoperative menstrual blood volume and increased, prolonged menstruation, irregular vaginal bleeding, pain, off the ring, pregnancy with IUD, leucorrhea increased situation were compared. The adverse reactions of MCU375 were serious, the adverse reactions of GCU300 and MCU were followed, and the adverse reactions of TCU220c and Ji Nihuan were the lightest.. The highest removal rate of TCU220C was the highest, the rate of GCU300, MCU, MCU375 and Ji Nihuan was lower, and the highest MCU and GCU300 were the highest, and the TCU220C, MCU375 and Ji Nihuan were both low. Appropriate IUD should be chosen according to the specific circumstances of the receiver, and the degree of satisfaction of the contraceptive measures for women of childbearing age should be improved..
Objective：To find out the general clinical characteristics from patients with normal ovulation，small follicular ovulation and luteinized unruptured follicle and observe the result of ovulation detection repeatedly and the effect of ovarian stimulatioin for later two types. Methods：Retrospective analyzing the difference of the patients’age，basal serum gonadal steroid hormones and follicle size before ovulation in the groups of normal ovulation（n=258）， small follicular ovulation（n=65）and luteinized unruptured follicle（n=27）. Then we observed the result of ovulation detection repeatedly by transvaginal ultrasound in the latter two groups. Finally，the ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate was carried out in the 58 cases of small follicles ovulation and 25 cases of luteinizing unruptured follicle which obtained the consistent results during the twice ovulation detection，we observed the rates of normal ovulation and clinical pregnancy in the two types of ovulatory dysfunctions. Results：Average age and basal serum Gonadal steroid hormones levelsdid not have significant difference（P<0.01）in thegroups of normal ovulation，small follicular ovulation and luteinized unruptured follicle，average diameter of follicles before ovulation in the three groups had significant difference（F=117.9，P< 0.01）. Incidence rates of small follicular ovulation and luteinized unruptured follicle were 18.5 % and 7.71 % respectively. Both were detected repeatedly，repetition rates were 89.23 % and 92.59 % respectively. After combined induced ovulation by clomiphene withluteal support， normal ovulation rates were 70.69 % and 80 % in the groups of small follicular ovulation and unruptured follicle ovulation luteinized respectively，clinical pregnancy rateswere 29.31 % and 48 % respectively. Conclusions：Small follicular ovulation and luteinized unruptured follicle are two special types of ovulatory dysfunctions，basal serum gonadal steroid hormones levels cannot predict ovulation，and transvaginal ultrasound is the most direct method to diagnosisthe small follicular ovulation and luteinized unruptured follicle. Without treatment，the repetition rate is high in thetwo types of ovulatory dysfunctions. Combined induced ovulation withluteal support is effective in the patients of the small follicular ovulation and luteinized unruptured follicle.
Objective：To analyze data of disabled children of Lianyungang City，to intervene disabled children parents checked in pregnancy healthy birth in nearly five years，and prevent the incidence of sick and disabled children. Methods：The condition of the change in the numbers，regional distribution，sex distribution，and classification of diseases were compared by the data of disabled children after medical identification of Lianyungang City in 2008―2012. Previous basic situation of procreation disabled children was understood by questionnaires issued in disabled children family，intervention effect was analyzed in eugenic guide of the hospital，malformations checking of color doppler imaging ，Tang screening，pregnancy outcome and delivery way. Result：There has no obvious change of 1 046 cases of disabled children according with the standard of the medical identification in nearly five years，the town was more than the countryside，the boys was more than the girls，congenital heart disease ranged the first site in the disease sequence. According to intervention，72 reproduction parents questionnaire of congenital heart disease was normal and 35 reproduction parents of cerebral palsy ranging the second in the disease sequence was also normal .Conclusion：It is obvious that disabled childish parents according to progestational health check perform a series of intervention in preconception care from health education and risk assessment to personal consultant and give birth to all normal children，it cut down the happening of ill-natured pregnancy outcome and disabled childish birth.
Objective：To study the relationship between maternal risk factors and fetus congenital heart disease in Jiangsu province for exploration of effective prevention strategy．Methods：By 1:1.4 case-control study, 373 valid questionnaires were collected from July 2012 to December 2013 and the environmental risk factors of congenital heart disease were analyzed．Results：It showed that the risks such as congenital heart disease family history,history of miscarriage,adverse pregnancy history,history of pesticide exposure during pregnancy,early pregnancy sickness, early pregnancy medication, pregnancy fetal abnormalities,were the most important determinants associated with CHD of children(P<0.05).Conclusions：It is particularly important of maternal health, reducing exposure to risk factors and periodic prenatal for reducing the risk of congenital heart disease.
To investigate the treatment methods of retaining reproductive function in cesarean scar pregnancy. Clinical datus of 46 casesSin our hospital during 2000―2014Swere analyzed retrospectively.SThere were 45 cases of first-trimesterSpregnancy andS1 case of second-trimester pregnancy. 13 casesS(28.9 %)Sof first-trimesteSpregnancy were misdiagnosed and had received artificial abortion before hospitalization. According to CSP classificationS,S19Scases were type I,S13 cases were Stype II,Sall cases wereSsuccessful inSretaining the uterus. 63.1 % of type IScases receivedSuterine curettage under ultrasoundSmonitoring,S21%Sof type I casesSreceivedSuterineScurettageSafter uterine artery embolizationS(UAE)S. 84.6 %Sof type IIScases received surgery in which lesion were resected and uterine scar were repaired. The csp patient of second-trimester pregnancy suffered from thrombosis of lower extremity and rebleeding 30 days after UAE, she received the surgery of resecting lesion. Conclusion: STheSkeySforStheSconservativeStreatmentSSofS CSPSSis early diagnosis and early treatment. TreatmentSshouldSbeSindividualizedSaccording to CSP clinicSclassification ,β-HCG and so on.Furthermore, there are still someSrisk of UAE.WeSshould be careful to select UAESfor patients.
To understand pregnancy outcomes of HIV infected women in Xinjiang. We collected and analyzed 2256 HIV infected women reported by PMTCT management information reporting system during 2010—2013. The average age is 29.1 years, Uighur women accounts for 90.65%, the culture degree is junior high school education level and below accounts for 72.07%, unemployed and farmer accounts for 82.36% (of which accounts for 47.30% unemployed), first marriage( 56.12 %), remarried ( 37.19%). 2 times or more pregnancies ( 69.68%), 316 HIV infected women didn’t stop pregnancy after knowing their HIV infected status, accounts for 14.01%; the ratio of terminal pregnancy in the second pregnancy is significantly higher than the first pregnant women, (χ2=141.14,p=0.000).shows the presence of unwanted pregnancy. The research suggest that we should strengthen counseling and services and contraception for HIV-infected women, and help women grasp more pregnancy knowledge, than give correct choice to reduce the incidence of unwilling pregnancy.
Through the investigation of cognitive status of postpartum women in Tianjin Binhai New District on contraceptive issues to realize the necessity of improving the overall awarenesss of contraception in postpartum women. The questionnaire is self-designed, asked and filled out by permanent doctors. Among these postpartum women there are 81.9 % know that contraception should be taken, but only 46.9% know the harm of postpartum high-risk abortion, 48.8 % don’t have any plans about contraceptive methods or intend to take any three months later, 47.2 % plan or have take contraceptive methods in their first postpartum sex life. Women with high education` engaged in management work` doing C-section have a better understanding in contraceptive. 258(80.6 %) know that contraception should be taken through hospital delivery or postpartum visit, 207(64.7 %) choose condom in priority among contraceptive methods. There are not so many postpartum women choose long-acting contraceptive methods, health care workers should improve guidance and propaganda for postpartum women about postpartum contraception, improve their usage of reliable contraceptive methods, improve their life quality.
Objectives: To understand the status of contraception use among women at reproductive age of migrants from different races in Urumchi. Methods：Stratified cluster sampling was used to recruit qualified subjects aged from 18 to 50 years old, and questionnaire survey including basic information and contraceptive use was conducted. And χ2 test and logistic regression were used to analyze data. Results：Total 106 568 female migrants were enrolled in this study. The proportion of contraception use was 92.78 %, and among those who use contraceptive method, IUD was 65.74 %, contraceptive drug was 23.17 %, condom was 9.06 % and sterilization was 2.03 %. Multi-logistic analysis step by step found that race, education, occupation, marriage status and frequency of sexual life were the influencing factors of contraceptive method use of female migrants at reproductive age. Conclusions：Personalized and targeted services about informed choice of contraceptive use should be conducted, according to the race and characteristics of migrant women.
Objective：To explore the diagnosis and treatment of advanced abdominal pregnancy. Methods：A retrospective analysis and summary were performed about 1 case of advanced abdominal pregnancy diagnosis and treatment in our hospital. Results：The case was diagnosis by MRI，and surgical treatment was successful. Conclusion：Abdominal pregnancy is not a typical clinical symptom and early diagnosis is difficult，MRI is an effective diagnosis. Surgery is the most important treatment.
Spontaneous abortion is a complication of pregnancy that terminates before 28 weeks of gestations. The incidence is about 15 % ~ 40 %. In recent years the assisted reproductive technology(ART) is also facing the problem of high incidence of spontaneous abortion. Etiology of spontaneous abortion is very complex. Besides genetic factors,there are anatomical factors,endocrinological factors,infection factors,environmental factors,immunological factors,prethrombotic state and maternal systemic diseases and so on. Cytogenetic studies of spontaneous abortion are mainly in two aspects,one is embryonic chromosomal abnormalities,including the number of chromosome abnormalities and abnormal structure；the second is couple of chromosome abnormalities. In spontaneous abortion the embryonic chromosomal abnormal detection rate is around 60 % and this ratio declines with the increase in the number of abortions. Most of the number of embryos abnormalities are trisomy,triploids and X monomer. Less structural chromosomal abnormalities of embryo include chromosomal breakage,inversions,deletions and translocations and so on. In couples with spontaneous abortion,especially recurrent spontaneous abortion couples,the abnormal chromosome detection rate is around 8 %. With the number of abortion increases,this proportion increases too. The most common abnormality of chromosome of adult is balanced translocation. Nowadays there are great developments in cytogenetic detection technology. From the traditional chromosome karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques (FISH) to chromosomal microarray chip analysis and the second generation sequencing technology,we can make further research of cytogenetic of spontaneous abortion. These researches have a very important significance in the area of etiology of spontaneous abortion and do great help to guide the couples confused by recurrent spontaneous abortion in their next childbirth.
Objective：To analysis the clinical characteristics and high risk factors of incomplete abortion. In this study，the postoperative fertility is investigated. Method：55 cases of incomplete abortion that have been treated in Beijing obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital，Capital Medical University from October 2007 to October 2012 were investigated. At same time，we followed up these patients by telephone to collect information of their fertility status and contraceptive use. Result：The main clinical manifestations of incomplete abortion are abnormal vaginal bleeding in 42 cases（42/55，76.4 %）and abnormal menstruation in 13 cases（13/55，23.6 %）. Sonography is very useful to detect abnormal in the uterine cavity，but diagnosis of incomplete abortion requires the measurement of human chorionic gonadotropin（HCG）and postoperative pathology. The repeat curettage under the guide of B-sonograpy is effective. The main objective cause for incomplete abortion is excessive flexion of uterus，accounts for 23.6 %（13/55）. The main subjective factor is insufficient dilatation of cervix，accounts for 25.5 %（14/55）. The main complication of repeat curettage is intrauterine adhesions. The incidence is about 5.5 %（3/55）. There were 29 patients we could follow up. 17 cases have the history of pregnancy，11 cases have childbirth and 6 cases have artificial abortion to terminate pregnancy. Most of them use barrier contraceptive such as male condom to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Conclusion：The main clinical performance of incomplete abortion is abnormal vaginal bleeding after operation. The blood or urine HCG examination combined with ultrasonic examination can detect incomplete abortion timely. Repeat curettage under B- ultrasound guide is a effective treatment. The high risk factors of incomplete abortion include objective and subjective factors. The main objective factor is excessive flexion of uterus and the main subjective factor is insufficient dilatation of cervix. To reduce incidence of incomplete abortion，the operator need to carefully review the patient's medical history and physical examine to get the information of uterus. Ultrasonography in surgical operation is an effectively measurement to prevent incomplete evacuation especially those operations with high risk factors. Intrauterine adhesion should be in mind if the patient experience dysmenorrheal or amenorrhea. There are no signs of impairment of fertility after repeat evacuation. According to the use of contraceptive，more post abortion care about family planning is needed to help women choose high effective methods.
To determine the normal range of the inner diameters of the anatomical structures in the fetal cardiovascular system during the second trimester in Ningxia and to investigate their variation with gestational age. Routine echocardiography was performed for 1 247 normal fetuses during the second trimester (22~28 weeks) to determine the inner diameters of the atrium, ventricle, foramen ovale, aorta, pulmonary artery, left/right pulmonary artery, aortic isthmus, descending aorta, and ductus arteriosus. Measurement data were grouped by gestational age, and the correlation between the measurement data and gestational age was investigated. The inner diameters of the fetal atria, ventricles, and great vessels increased with gestational age and were significantly associated with gestational age (P < 0.05). In Ningxia, determining the normal range of fetal cardiovascular diameters during the second trimester allows the evaluation of fetal cardiovascular system development and provides an important basis for the accurate identification of fetal congenital heart disease.
In this paper we take the “two-child fertility policy” registration group as an example and analyse their demographical features,predict the effects of fertility policy adjustment to social and individuals, promote the continuous improvement of fertility policy, having very important realistic significance.
Objective：To investigate the effects of Ginsenoside CK(Gin CK),Icraiin(Icr) for sperm survive in vitro. Methods：40 sample of male semen were cultured in medium and grouped it in vitro,To adjust the semen concentration is 1.0×107/mL by culture medium of F-10(F-10),To add respect Ginsenoside(Gin1 group,500 μg/mL；Gin2 group,100 μg/mL),Icraiin(Icr1 group,500 μg/mL；Icr2 group,100 μg/mL)were added respectively. F-10 alone was the control groups. To compare with them of groups sperm tmortality. Results：The values of sperm mortality after cultured for 24 h. The motality of I2 group was 41.31±17.49,F group was 47.50±19.85,G2 group was 55.75±24.93,I3 group was 58.05±19.06,G1 group was 98.84±1.62. Ranking them from less to more motality were E2 groups,F groups,I2 groups,G2 groups,I3 groups,G1 group s(p<0.05). Conclusion：When the concentration was 0.1 mg/mL,Gin CK can increase the sperm mortality significantly and Icr was not; When the concentration was 0.5 mg/mL,it is the lethal dose for Gin CK and Icr can increase the sperm mortality but it is not.