In order to improve the efficiency of equipment reliability work, this paper analyzed the benefit of reliability investment and the relationship between reliability and LCC. From the point of view of economy, a concept of “the Contribution Rate of Reliability Index Adjustment to LCC” was put forward to optimize the reliability index design in the demonstration and development stage by the reverse analysis which is tracked by cost. By defining and solving the concept in two cases, the integrated balance between reliability requirements and LCC target was realized, which has certain reference value in determining the investment scale and improving the benefit of reliability investment and cost-effectiveness ratio. An example was showed to illuminate the method and decision-making process.
In order to preferably evaluate breeding effect and environmental sustainability of recirculating aquaculture mode， the emergy flow chart of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther in industrial recirculating aquaculture was built to analyze the emergy of different parts in the aquaculture mode. The results showed that： The environment emergy input occupied only 1.08 %， emergy yield ratio (EYR) was 2.433， emergy loading ratio (ELR) was 0.313 4， and emergy sustainable index (ESI) was 7.763， indicating that agricultural production was promoted to the level of industrialization with the use of this kind of aquaculture mode， which gains highly developed economic system and higher production efficiency； meanwhile， this kind of aquaculture mode greatly alleviates the pressure of environment and gains higher sustainability and carrying capacity.
A series of newly-developed type of biofuel plants have established which are featured with products of thermo-chemical platform， sugar platform and carboxylates platform， as well as use lignocellulosic feedstock. Lignocellulose biomass-to-liquids (BTL) is fundamentally different both from the first generation biofuels that are all derived from cereal and vegetable oil， and from the second generation ethanol that is based on hydrolysis-fermentation process. The prominent feature of such a new kind of advanced biofuels is that they can make full use of the energy contained in lignin and semicellulose， which is rich in woody materials， thus considerably broadens the scope of feedstock. Recently， majority of these technologies have undergone tests of pilot and demonstration phases， and on the eve of big scale of commercialization. The products derived from above three platforms are all characteristic of reducing CO2 emission by 70 %~90 % and can be used directly on current vehicle engines and fuel infrastructure. Chinese scientists have also tapped a few novel technologies in this field， and without lag behind in the severe international competition.
In order to collect more basic data of intensive aquaculture of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther， 4 groups of different stocking densities were set up in industrial recirculating aquaculture system， the adult fish in rapid growth period (0.64±0.063) kg were observed， the parameters of growth and quality in muscles were detected. The results were shown as follows. a. The experiment continued for 7 months， the survival rate of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther in recirculating aquaculture mode was in 88.01 %～93.34 %， weight gain rate was 139.69 %～191.09 %. With the decrease of stocking density， survival rate was on a declining curve， while growth rate and fatness were on a rising trend. The concentration of growth hormone was 2.522～2.862 4 μg/L， which was on a rising trend in earlier stage and then on a declining curve in later stage with the decrease of stocking density. b. There is no regular change of moisture， ash content， crude protein， crude fat， amino acid and fatty acid with the change of stocking density. c. In this experimental condition， the group whose intial stocking density is 210 got the best culture effect； the average survival rate per month was 98.72 %； the average gaining in weight per month was 0.152 6 kg/pcs； after 7 months breeding， the specific yield reached 23.03 kg/m3. This study showed that Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther has a good adaptability in industrial recirculating aquaculture， and the growth and quality in muscles were all in a better condition. It also showed that industrial recirculating aquaculture can greatly develop the culture potential of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther， which was a preponderant culture mode for intensive aquaculture of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther.
This article introduces the project overview，construction goal and design philosophy of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Based on large scale，factory production，standardiza-tion and assemble line，the innovative concept is taken as the general principle for design with the emphasis on description of the new material，new technology，new construction method and new equipment used in the design. The application of innovative technology has provided a solid foundation and favorable guarantee for project quality and design service life.
Since the first application in the cofferdam demolition blasting engineering in Three Gorges Project of Yangtze River in 2006， the electronic detonators’ inherent characters and advantages， such as safety， reliability， accuracy and environmental protection， etc.， have been widely recognized by blasting experts. This paper discussed the technical development and the market application situation of Chinese electronic detonators through the recent ten years， analyzed the technical performance， standard system and intellectual property statistically， summarized the industrial generalizability and engineering application， and lastly provided some suggestions of the electronic detonator development. Obviously， with the rapid development of domestic engineering blasting technology and the maturation of electronic detonator product， the application advantages and value of electronic detonators have become increasingly prominent， so the spring of electronic detonator development in China will come soon.
Jinchuan Nickel Mine is one of the large copper sulfide nickel deposit in world. Because the buried depth of the ore is larger，the ground stress is higher and the stability of the ore and rock masses is poorer，it is one of the most difficult deposits to mining in the world. According to the mining technical conditions of Jinchuan deposit，a lot of researches have been carried out since the mine was built. At first，this paper provides a brief overview on engineering general situation of Jinchuan mine，then summarizes the filling mining development in Jinchuan mine. On this basis，it further expounds the research results of filling technology obtained in Jinchuan mine. Based on a large number of research on engineering geology and mining method test，the downward layered cemented filling mining method was used. Research development on filling mechanism，multipurpose use of solid waste，filling slurry rheological properties and pipe reduction conveying etc. had been obtained. Especially the paste filling technology that was the first time to be used in our country，was studied and filling system was reformed， the paste filling had reached design production capacity smoothly. Finally it points out the current situation and existing main problems in filling mine and puts forward key technical problems to solve in order to realize the safe，efficient，economic and environmental mining in Jinchuan Nickel Mine.
With remarkable investment into deep water block exploration，subsea production systems are accepted as a mature technology and becoming increasingly employed to develop offshore oil and gas field，especially deep water ones，due to its flexibility and advantages to enhance field recovery. Subsea production system technologies have been developed rapidly and give some new trends. On the general introduction of subsea production system，new trends are given in this paper，furthermore based on the summary of current status of offshore field development and special characteristics of South China Sea，challenges are presented when considering its application in deep water field development in South China Sea. Suggestions are also made to address this situation as well.
By understanding the domestic and international development situations of asphalt?pavement?recycling technology， and analyzing the mechanism of asphalt?pavement aging and recycling， this essay proposed the technologies of recycling of waste asphalt mixtures. It also developed a set of effective technologies of hot recycling of asphalt pavement， to adapt to the needs of asphalt?pavement recycling， resources circulating and environment protecting in the current situation， which in an effort to construct?a resource-saving and?environment-friendly?society.
Carbothermal reduction and nitridation synthesis of silicon nitride was conducted at 1 300～1 600 ℃ in nitrogen or nitrogen-hydrogen mixture. Fumed silica was mixed with graphite using molar ratio of SiO2∶C=1∶4.5. Powder samples were pressed into pellet before reaction. CO evolution in the process was monitored by an infrared sensor. The oxygen， nitrogen， carbon content of reacted sample was analysed by LECO element determinators. XRD was used to identify phases formed in the reacted sample. Reduction of SiO2 commenced below 1 300 ℃. The reduction rate increased with increasing temperature， but slowed down when temperature was higher than 1 570 ℃， since the residual reactant was covered by product. Due to the small difference of the equilibrium CO partial pressure between Si3N4 and SiC formation， the boundary temperature was not obvious. The mechanism of carbothermal reduction/nitridation synthesis of silicon nitride needs further investigation.
The mature peptide domain of insulin-like growth factor-I from Platichthys stellatus were amplified with specific primers based on its cDNA sequence. Then the matured peptide fragment was subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a to successfully construct IGF-I/pET-28a recombinant plasmid which were highly expressed in E.coli BL21（DE3） after being induced by IPTG with special fusion polypeptides containing His6 at their N-terminus. The obtained IGF-I polypeptide expressed in form of inclusion bodies with molecular weight of 12.1 kD and maximally accounted for 39.8 % of the whole bacterial protein post 3 h induction with 0.5 mmol/L IPTG at 37 ℃. Western blotting analysis indicated fusion polypeptides had the antigenicity to His6 antibody. The inclusion bodies were denaturalized using 6 mol/L guanidine HCl， purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and annealed by gradient dialysis in urea， then purified proteins with molecular weight of 12.1 kD which was obtained from IGF-I recombinant bacterium. The proliferation experiment showed recombinant IGF-I protein could significantly promote the proliferation of human embryonic kidney cells HEK293T at 0.6 μg/mL and inhibit the proliferation with 1.8 μg/mL which verified its biological activity. Therefore， the IGF-I prokaryotic expression system was successfully constructed in the present study and biologically active IGF-I fusion protein was obtained. The present results would be helpful for better understanding the roles of IGF-I in growth regulation and development of high effective additive for growth promotion of Platichthys stellatus.
With the advantages of high efficiency， environmental protection and energy conservation， the high energy storage system has extensive application prospect， economic operation is becoming a wide concerned issue on microgrid with high temperature energy storage system. By analyzing the microgrid with high temperature energy storage system， based on the characteristics of each micro-source， the model of high temperature energy storage system and economic operation model of the grid-connected microgrid are constructed with time-sharing electricity. The improved immune particle swarm algorithm is used to solve the proposed model， and then field application verifies the effectiveness of model. Results show that the proposed method and model can reach the globally optimal solution of dynamic microgrid， and it is of cost saving and significant economic benefit for high temperature energy storage system to participate in thermal load supplying.
This article takes Xia-Zhang highway (Xiamen section) Dongfu tunnel construction as an example. Introduces the application of ?299 big pipe follow with pipe drilling occlusal and linking reinforcement technology+cross-located right next door after disassembly type excavation technology in shallow-buried rich water soft soil stratum tunnel excavation process. While using TGMIS dynamic intelligent monitoring system of construction settlement conditions for data acquisition， analysis and processing， make the deformation of surrounding rock control， successfully passed the construction of shallow-buried soft soil excavation.
The depth of earth cover for tunnel anti-buoyancy security during construction and operation was analyzed in this paper with theoretical and numerical methods. The principles and theoretical analysis methods were proposed for it. The formula of depth of earth cover for anti-buoyancy security of tunnel during construction was given for the first time. It involves the unfavorable factors， such as uncondensed mortar， the favorable factors， such as resistances of soil and segments. The weight of earth cover for tunnel was suggested to consider as unique factor for tunnel security during operation. The eroded depth for design should be considered for tunnel influenced by floods. It has provided some references for longitudinal section design of the tunnel in construction under the Yangzi River in Nanjing. And it also provided theoretical foundation for the set depth of earth cover for anti-buoyancy security of other shield tunnels under river or sea.
Warship is the weapon equipment with complex structure， large system and technologically intensive. The maintenance for operational readiness and the improvement for battle effectiveness highly depend on the integrated support engineering management. In this paper， the connotation and characteristics of integrated support engineering management of warship equipment were analyzed comprehensively， and the contents of engineering management of integrated support for warship equipment were studied. The engineering management methods summarized in this paper are of important significance to direct the work of integrated support for warship equipment.
Aimed at the harmfulness of low visibility weather， using digital information method found the relationship between occurrence， development of haze and geothermal， and the change of atmospheric structure characteristics. Prediction and precaution of haze need to correctly grasp tumble state of the lower atmosphere near the earth and thermal structural features. The formation of haze both has anthropogenic emissions also has the release of underground pollutants and dirty gas caused by natural geothermal. And geothermal can be taken as premonitory information of haze weather forecast. To improve the atmospheric environment， people need to improve emissions technology， also need to study the natural sources of pollution problems.
Great-leap-forward development of consulting industry puts forward new demands for project cost professionals. The training of application-oriented talents applicable to market demand is the primary task of personnel training of project cost. This paper takes Tianjin University of Technology as an example， analyzing the quality characteristics of application-oriented talents. Build a systematic exposition of the construction of application-oriented training model of project cost， based on the construction of the teaching system and the team’s training and construction， designed to provide a reference for application-oriented training model of project cost.
With access to information is becoming more and more convenient and quick， the strategic behavior of customers is becoming more common in everyday life. In this paper， we study the optimal pricing of perishable goods in the presence of strategic customers. Monopolist sells a finite quantify of products in a certain period of time. Customers select the optimal time to buy based on the principle of utility maximization. This paper is divided into two scenarios including not replenish inventory and replenish inventory. Studies have shown that the game equilibrium exists between sellers and consumers. After a seller announces the pricing strategy， the structure of customers is divided by an optimal threshold function. The strategic behavior of customers has a significant impact on the profits of a seller. A seller can accord to the market demand and the time sensitivity of customers through proper inventory and price setting to reduce losses from the strategic behavior of customers. The situation with replenishing inventory is better than the situation without replenishing inventory only when market demand is larger.
Network schedule is an important part in construction organization and design in hydraulic and hydropower engineering. As most network schedule software provided limited functionality in schedule generation and analysis， leading to network schedule generation is time-consuming， laborious， inefficient， and low degree of standardization. Based on analysis of connotation of network standardization in hydraulic and hydropower engineering， this paper discussed the basic content of the network schedule standardization， developed the standardization system of network schedule in hydraulic and hydropower engineering， and introduced functions as network schedule aided generation， analysis， evaluation and review， as well as the output of results in detail. The system interface is friendly and intuitive visualization， and provides powerful computing and optimization capabilities， greatly improving the efficiency and quality of the preparation of the network schedule to engineering staffs， and provides a new way and means in quickly generating， analyzing and optimizing the network schedule.
This paper proposes a maximum reliable network interdiction model， which is to maximize the reliability of an interdicting network with limited resources by setting sensors in arcs to prevent any flow between given two nodes in a given graph even though some sensors could be failed， i.e.， given a directed graph with a source and a sink， several arcs need to be selected such that each path from the source to the sink contains as many arcs in the selected subset as possible. In any given graph， the number of paths between any given two nodes is exponential to the size of this graph， so this model is transferred to a bilevel program. We solve this bilevel integer program by finding out the relationship between the lower level integer program and its linear program relaxation， also using the duality theory because a bilevel program is intractable in common sense. Lastly， we reduce the number of the constraint to one order of the size of the graph from its exponential order. Besides， we also demonstrate an approach to resolve the bilevel program.
As the fact that schedulers usually utilizing resources re-allocation and improving resource-utilization efficiency in coping with project delay caused by risk events，a stochastic simulation evaluation method based on duration controllability of network schedule was put forward. This method took the resource allocation and utilization of margin of the activity as controllable indicators， and considered different constructability of measures reaction to different occur time of risk events. Through the stochastic simulation of each risk events occur time， delay of activity duration and effect of the risk reaction，the distribution of project duration was simulated which was utilized to evaluate the rationality of the network schedule. A case indicates that，compared with traditional simulation evaluation methods such as duration-based and factors-based Monte-Carlo simulation， simulation results of the duration controllability-based is more reasonable.
With the broadest application and development of modal analysis method， the demands such as less restrictive conditions and to increase the reliability of an analysis have been increased for more convenience in engineering applications. This paper presents a new modal analysis method without input data and any analytical models. Harmonic parameters of a point response can be extracted by spectrum analysis using the measurements obtained from structural testing. Preliminary results calculated by discrete deconvolution techniques are further modified by the frequency domain space curve fitting method. Modal parameters of system just come from a combination of these corrected results. The performed analysis and validation of real data indicate that the approach is feasible for engineering. Therefore， this paper provides the effective estimation scheme of modal parameters for experiment research on the system dynamic performance.