Sep 2023, Volume 25 Issue 4
    

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    Orginal Article
  • Orginal Article
    National Food Security Strategy in the New Situation
    Tan Guangwan, Wang Xiudong, Wang Jimin, Mei Xurong, Liu Xu
    2023, 25(4): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.005
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    Food security in China is facing new challenges, including instability of the international supply chain, transformation and upgrading of the food system, and increased pressure to further reduce carbon emissions, making the future supply and demand situation of food in China unoptimistic. Therefore, it is imperative to deepen research on national food security strategies. As is predicted using the China Agricultural Sector Model, China’s grain supply and demand gap will reach the peak (1.66 × 108 t) in 2030 and its food self-sufficiency rate will continuously decline; however, the gap is expected to drop from 2035–2050. From 2020–2050, the total demand for livestock products, aquatic products, rapeseed, and sugar will continuously grow while their net imports will maintain growth. To address the prominent problems regarding food security in China in terms of farmland, supply chain, nutritional structure, systemic risk, and technological innovation, we propose the establishment of an all-encompassing approach to food. Additionally, food security should be maintained by relying on domestic production and supported by moderate imports and technological innovation. An overall food-security strategy that features self-sufficiency of grains, self-reliance of major agricultural products, and national food sovereignty should be implemented. We should hold on to the bottom line of maintaining a selfsufficiency rate of 97% for staple grains, 90% for grains, and 80% for overall grain supply. Focusing on the goals of revitalizing the seed industry, boosting land capacity, preventing and mitigating disasters, and achieving high efficiency and low carbon, we suggest a series of major projects for upgrading the seed industry, constructing high-standard grain fields, guaranteeing regional food security, promoting green and low-carbon development of agriculture, and substituting conventional feed protein. Furthermore, major measures should be adopted to strengthen food demand management, expand food supply chains, and enhance risk control, thereby ensuring the quantity, quality, and nutritional security of national food.
  • Orginal Article
    National Food Security Strategy Against the Backdrop of Domestic and International Dual Circulation
    Yan Yan , Wang Xiudong , Wang Jimin , Mei Xurong ,Tang Huajun , Wu Kongming
    2023, 25(4): 14-25. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.001
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    Food concerns national livelihood and food security is vital for national security. In the context of “dual circulation” (i.e., domestic and international economic circulation) in China, clarifying the basic situation and challenges of food security and exploring effective strategies for food development are crucial for ensuring stable national development. Using national macro statistics, we first analyzed the basic situation of food security in China and the challenges it faces in the context of “dual circulation”. Subsequently, we made a macro study on national food security and proposed the goals, strategic paths, major projects, and feasible countermeasures for ensuring national food security. Our study indicates that there exists a large gap between food supply and demand, a high degree of external dependence, and a large amount of imports of feed protein in China, as well as challenges including the difficulty in substituting feed protein domestically, rigidness of environmental restrictions on soil and water resources, low incentives for farmers to grow grains, and insufficient risk-resistant capabilities of the food security system. Moreover, we proposed a series of major projects, such as demonstration for upgrading grain production capacity, new protein resource substitution, green and lowcarbon planting and breeding circulation, development and utilization of international grain resources, and research and development demonstration of future foods. Several development strategies were further suggested, including the establishment of a food security guarantee system, moderate expansion of cultivated land areas, sustained increase in oil-bearing plant production, steady resumption of a multiple cropping system in South China, and sustained advancement of a rotational cropping system in North China.
  • Orginal Article
    Food Security Resilience and Risk Management Strategy in China in the Context of “Dual Circulation”
    Qing Ping , Deng Xiuxin , Min Shi , Li Jian 1, Li Xiaoyun , Wang Yuze , Chen Tong ,Wang Zhengcong , Wu Weirong ,Zhao Longqiang
    2023, 25(4): 26-38. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.002
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    Ensuring national food security is crucial for strengthening the agriculture sector of China, and it holds both theoretical and practical significance in the context of the “dual circulation” (i. e., domestic and international economic circulations) strategy. This study explores the resilience of China’s food security and its capacity for risk management under the “dual circulation” framework, providing an analysis of the current status, characteristics, influencing factors, and feasible pathways for enhancing food security resilience and risk management capabilities. The study identifies key factors influencing food security resilience and risk management, including the agricultural production base, the level of agricultural technology, food production methods, support policies for food production, and the international trade environment. Feasible pathways for enhancing food security resilience and risk management capabilities include improving the stability of food supply, enhancing the adaptability of food production, promoting the sustainability of food production, maintaining the continuity of policy systems, and strengthening the coordination between domestic and international markets. To achieve these goals, it is recommended to solidify the foundation of grain production capacity, improve technological support for grain production, strengthen intelligent monitoring and management, accelerate the establishment of guarantee systems, and optimize grain import and export trade. These measures will enhance China’s food security resilience and risk management capabilities in the context of “dual circulation”.
  • Orginal Article
    Risk Identification and Control Strategies for Food Security Based on the Perspective of Whole Industrial Chain
    Mei Xurong, Zhang Lin, Yuan Longjiang, Hu Xiangdong, Xie Linghong, Wu Kongming, Wang Guogang , Wang Xiaojun
    2023, 25(4): 39-49. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.008
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    Accurate identification and effective control of food security risks are crucial for national security. This study constructs a food security risk system that comprises nine major types of risk sources from the perspective of the entire industrial chain. Our research identifies seven main risks that China’s food security faces at the new stage: relatively lagging breeding technologies, prominent contradiction between resource supply and demand, frequent disasters, significant decline in farmers’ willingness to grow grains, increased uncontrollability of market trade, inadequacy in policy compliance and stability, and frequent impacts of unexpected events. Based on this, a strategic concept is proposed, that is, a food security risk management and control system that combines early identification, normal monitoring, and emergency warning and is capable of entire industrial chain risk identification, whole-process management, and multi-level linkage. Furthermore, the following strategies for controlling food security risks are proposed: (1) promoting food security legislation, (2) launching a key scientific and technological project for constructing a national food security risk control system, (3) improving infrastructure and defense systems, and (4) optimizing market-oriented means and tools for risk management. The research results are expected to provide decision-making references for promoting the modernization of China’s food security governance system and capacities.
  • Orginal Article
    Development Path of Digital Agriculture in Southwest Mountainous Areas of China in the Context of Chinese Path to Modernization
    Ma Hongmei, Jin Bijun, Luo Tao, Ding Long, Song Baoan
    2023, 25(4): 50-58. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.011
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    Digital technology is an important driving force for agricultural modernization in China. Developing modern agriculture in China's southwest mountainous areas using digital technologies is crucial for rural revitalization and common prosperity and is an inevitable requirement for realizing Chinese path to modernization. This study expounds the concept connotation and operation logic of digital agriculture in southwest mountainous areas. Based on public statistics and field survey data, it analyzes the current status of digital agriculture development in southwest mountainous areas from the aspects of coordination of relevant subjects, infrastructure construction, production and sales link application, and population structure, and further clarifies the practical difficulties faced by the development. Furthermore, the study suggests that we should improve the multi-party cooperation mechanism, strengthen the construction of digital infrastructure, broaden the application scenarios of digital agriculture, and promote digital personnel training in rural areas, thus to deepen the development of digital agriculture in the southwest mountainous areas.
  • Orginal Article
    Development Model for Improving the Quality and Efficiency of Modern Agriculture in the Arid Region of Northwest China
    Deng Mingjiang , Wang Quanjiu , Tao Wanghai , Wang Zitian , Cao Jingjing
    2023, 25(4): 59-72. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.016
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    The arid region of Northwest China is a vital land resource reserve for China. However, restricted by water shortage and low land quality, high-quality agricultural development in this region is difficult to achieve. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a development path of modern ecological agriculture that is intensive and efficient. This study analyzed the current status and major problems of agricultural development in the arid region of Northwest China and constructed a theoretical framework for improving the quality and efficiency of modern agriculture in the region. The characteristics and functions of agricultural development in the grassland pastoral, agro-pastoral, rain-fed agricultural, and irrigated agricultural areas in this region were clarified. Based on the optimal allocation of natural, scientific, economic, and social resources of agriculture, the study proposed core technologies or methods for achieving breakthroughs in efficient use of water and soil resources, planting structure adjustment and mode optimization, technological innovation in precise control of agricultural production, industrialization, and sustainable development. Four development models with distinctive regional characteristics were formed: (1) modern ecological agriculture in pastoral areas emphasizing forage and green manure crop production; (2) modern ecological agriculture in agro-pastoral areas with equal emphasis on forage, grain, and cash crop production; (3) modern ecological agriculture in rain-fed areas emphasizing grain, forestry, and fruit production; and (4) modern ecological agriculture in irrigated areas emphasizing grain, cash crop, forestry, and fruit production. Thus, the production, ecological, teaching, research, and leisure functions of agriculture can be realized. To promote the high-quality development of the modern ecological agriculture in the arid region of Northwest China, the following countermeasures are proposed: (1) scientifically planning the agricultural development pattern by optimizing agricultural function zoning, (2) improving the compensation mechanism for ecological agriculture and creating a green accounting system, (3) promoting industrial integration and establishing a development concept of modern ecological agriculture, (4) constructing a green technology innovation and promotion service system for the development of modern ecological agriculture, and (5) cultivating agricultural and rural talents to improve the talent policy system.
  • Orginal Article
    Strategic Thinking on Developing Grassland Agriculture to Ensure China’s Food Security under the New Situation
    Zhang Yan, Huang Yi, Liu Ying, Fan Yubing, Peng Jinglun, Tang Zeng, Xia Chao, Nan Zhibiao
    2023, 25(4): 73-80. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.007
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    Considering the new situation of dietary structure transformation, frequent extreme weathers, and intensified international geopolitical conflicts, China needs to adopt an all-encompassing approach to food and exploit the food supply function of grassland agriculture to comprehensively improve its capability to ensure food security. Using qualitative and quantitative analysis, this study demonstrates the great value of developing grassland agriculture under the new situation, explores the trend of grassland agriculture development in typical countries, and summarizes its implications to China; furthermore, it evaluates the potential contribution of grassland agriculture to food security in China. The results show that rangeland has a great potential for providing high-quality livestock products and grassland agriculture can guarantee food security in rural areas. The agro-pastoral ecotones will be the major production bases for grassland-based livestock products and South China has dominant advantages in developing grassland agriculture. Therefore, we recommend to (1) strengthen rangeland restoration while rationally utilizing long-term grazing-prohibition rangelands, (2) regard forage as important as grain crop while strengthening grass breeding, (3) develop cultivated grasslands for gazing to relieve pressure on rangelands, (4) optimize the structure of livestock husbandry by promoting grain-saving grassland livestock husbandry, and (5) implement the strategy of “storing grain productivity in grassland” according to local conditions to enhance the food supply capacity of grassland.
  • Orginal Article
    Research Status and Development Mechanism of Herbaceous Plant Germplasm Resources in Arid and Cold Regions of Western China
    Shi Shangli
    2023, 25(4): 81-91. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.016
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    The drought and cold climate of the Loess Plateau, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, and Inner Mongolia–Xinjiang Plateau has bred rich herbaceous plant germplasm resources, forming a herbaceous plant germplasm resource bank in arid and cold regions of Western China. Actively developing herbaceous plant germplasm resources in the arid and cold regions is conducive to improving the germplasm innovation and utilization level and better supporting the development of grass seed industry in Western China. This study analyzes the current situation regarding the collection, protection, research, and utilization of herbaceous plant germplasm resources in China and abroad, and identifies the major problems faced by the development of these resources in the arid and cold regions of Western China. Based on the advantages of the region, an innovative development mechanism for the herbaceous plant germplasm resources in the arid and cold regions of Western China is proposed. Specifically, the advantages of herbaceous plant germplasm resources should be transformed as disciplinary and industrial advantages the soonest possible, the innovation and utilization ofherbaceous plant germplasm resources should be promoted, the exploitation and utilization of herbaceous plant germplasm resources should be guided from decentralized development to systematic integration, and a mechanism for tracking and promoting herbaceous plant germplasm innovation should be established. Furthermore, the construction of a science and technology park for herbaceous plant germplasm innovation and utilization is proposed in order to build a seed industry capital and innovation highland of Western China.
  • Orginal Article
    Research on High-quality Development Strategy of Agricultural Smart Supply Chain System
    Fan Beibei, Li Jin, Feng Xian, Guo Meirong
    2023, 25(4): 92-100. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.012
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    Building a safe and controllable, unimpeded circulation, high-quality and efficient smart supply chain system for agricultural products has become an important step to stabilize the agricultural industrial chain and supply chain under the new development pattern.This paper starts with the urgent need of smart transformation of agricultural products supply chain system in the new development situation, analyzes the connotation and framework of high-quality development of smart supply chain system of agricultural products, and analyzes the effect of current construction of smart supply chain system of agricultural products in our country and the main weaknesses.The unbalanced digitization level of each link of the supply chain, the obvious phenomenon of information data island, and the prominent weakness of supporting system construction have become the core issues for the high-quality development of the smart supply chain system of agricultural products. It puts forward the strategic goal of high-quality development of smart supply chain for agricultural products from the 14th Five-Year Plan period to 2035. The key measures to promote the high-quality development of smart supply chain of agricultural products include in-depth research on key core technologies of smart supply chain of agricultural products, construction of big data platform for comprehensive management and service of provincial agricultural supply chain, promotion of digital transformation of all links of agricultural supply chain to deep development, and improvement of traceability system construction of agricultural product quality.
  • Orginal Article
    Transformation Strategy of China’s Food System at the New Development Stage
    Hu Peisong, Wang Xiaojun, Xie Linghong, Zhang Lin, Huang Shengnan, Han Xinru, Wang Guogang, Hu Xiangdong
    2023, 25(4): 101-108. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.009
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    China’s food system is transforming from providing adequate and safe food to supplying nutritious and healthy food as the country develops into a new stage of comprehensive modernization. To be green and low-carbon has become the global consensus regarding food system transformation, and China plans to transform its food system to be inclusive and sharing. Currently, China’s food system faces multiple challenges such as the coexistence of overnutrition and nutritional deficiency, contradiction between supply assurance and carbon reduction, lack of tolerance for small-scale farmers and vulnerable groups of consumers, and weak resilience in production stability and supply controllability. Against the background of a declining population and an increasing urbanization rate, the structure of China’s food system needs to be further optimized and develops toward “nutrition and health, green and low carbon, inclusiveness and sharing, and safety and resilience”. Future efforts should focus on (1) adjusting the production system to enrich food supply, (2) strengthening scientific and technological innovation by prioritizing the development of win-win technologies, (3) improving relevant policies to increase investment in the transformation, (4) optimizing existing systems and mechanisms to build an efficient and inclusive food chain, and (5) promoting low-carbon consumption concepts and behaviors. Furthermore, we propose the following suggestions: (1) initiating nutrition-related legislation at the national level, (2) establishing a national reserve for food system transformation technologies, (3) launching a national science and technology project for food system transformation and upgrading, and (4) launching a national nutrition and health campaign.
  • Orginal Article
    Approaches for the Inclusive Development of China’s Agricultural and Food System
    Yan Zhen, Qian Wenrong, Hu Weibin Yu Jingquan
    2023, 25(4): 109-119. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.010
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    The inclusive development of agricultural and food systems is crucial for realizing rural revitalization and Chinese path to modernization considering China’s basic national condition of being a large country with small farmers, and it is also an important aspect of common prosperity and global sustainable development. This study explores the implications and characteristics of inclusive development of the agricultural and food systems and identifies four prominent problems existing in promoting the effective connection between small farmers and agricultural modernization, improving the food demand and public service support systems for vulnerable groups, enhancing the resilience of agricultural industrial and supply chains, and establishing a fair, shared, and sustainable public-service system necessary for the agricultural and food systems. Moreover, four key systems are proposed aimed at overcoming scientific and technological challenges critical to the agricultural system, developing food science and technology while improving the food supply chain, promoting the inclusive development of agricultural and food systems, and establishing an inclusive agricultural and food system. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed: (1) ensuring food security to guarantee the inclusive development of vulnerable groups, (2) forming a large-scale grain security pattern while adhering to an all-encompassing approach to food, (3) optimizing the circulation and distribution systems using digital technologies, (4) establishing a shared and inclusive agricultural and food system through regional coordination, and (5) unblocking the entire chain channels of agricultural and food systems.
  • Orginal Article
    Development of Sustainable Healthy Diets in China
    Xia Jiayu , Fan Shenggen , Ding Xinyue , Chen Kevin , Feng Xiaolong, Meng Ting , Zhang Yumei
    2023, 25(4): 120-127. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.011
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    Diets significantly affect the nutrition and health of people as well as the resources and environment. Promoting a sustainable healthy diets among the Chinese population is crucial for implementing the Healthy China initiative, fostering sustainable development, and ensuring national food security in China. This study reviews the forming process of the sustainable healthy diets concept, presents several representative sustainable dietary patterns, and clarifies the international consensus on sustainable healthy diets from the perspectives of nutrition and health, resource and environment, and socio-economics. Moreover, it analyzes the current dietary patterns of Chinese residents and focuses on associated nutrition and health issues and resource and environmental challenges caused by changes in dietary patterns. Furthermore, we recommend that China should propose targeted plans to guide and optimize residents’ dietary patterns, implement multiple measures to foster a healthy and sustainable food consumption habit among residents, and establish a sustainable and healthy dietary supply system. This can help cope with the double challenges of increasing nutritional imbalance and environmental degradation and improve the formulation of national food policies.
  • Orginal Article
    Supply-Demand Forecast and Structure Adjustment Paths of Planting and Breeding Industries Based on Changes in Food Consumption
    Shangguan Caixia, Lu Yan, Jing Li, Du Tao, Sun Jianjun, Zhang Xinyou
    2023, 25(4): 128-136. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.004
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    Conducting supply-demand prediction and structural adjustment of planting and breeding industries based on changes in food consumption is crucial for ensuring food security of China. This study analyzes the characteristics of food consumption structure and the development trends of planting and breeding industries in China and estimates the demand and supply data of staple grains, feed grains, and forage crops closely related to the planting and breeding industries. The analysis results of supplydemand balance are obtained. Targeted adjustment directions are proposed, including expanding the planting of protein feed crops, oil-bearing crops, and high-quality forage crops; stabilizing the production of livestock and poultry; vigorously developing grassbased animal husbandry; promoting an all-encompassing approach to food; and exploring multiple sources of food. The study also elaborates on the implementation paths: optimizing planting structure by adjusting regional layout, developing circular agriculture that integrates crop farming and animal husbandry, constructing a diversified food supply system, and comprehensively enhancing innovation capabilities regarding agricultural technologies. To better ensure national food security, we proposes to improve the policy and technological support systems, allocate agricultural resources toward roduction areas, establish a regional collaboration mechanism, and adjust policies and statistical standards for staple grain, feed grain, and forage crop production.
  • Orginal Article
    High-Quality Development Strategy of Fisheries in China
    Zhang Wenbing, Xie Shouqi, Xu Hao, Shan Xiujuan, Xue Changhu, Li Daoliang, Yang Hongsheng, Zhou Huihui, Mai Kangsen
    2023, 25(4): 137-148. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.006
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    China has the world’s largest fisheries industry that has provided a healthy and high-quality food source. Currently, guaranteeing national food security, implementing an all-encompassing approach to food, and establishing a diversified food supply system all pose a great demand for the high-quality development of China’s fisheries industry. This study explores the development status and trend of fisheries in China from the aspects of fishery resources and capture, aquaculture and marine ranching, and aquatic product processing and circulation, and examines major problems through industry research and extensive discussion. Industry development goals and key measures are further proposed. Results found that the pressure on offshore capture is too high, understanding of deep-sea and polar resources is insufficient, the independent capability of technologies and equipment is inadequate, the mechanized, automatic, and intelligent levels of aquaculture are low, high-quality feed and raw materials rely heavily on imports, the basic software and hardware capabilities of the intelligent fisheries are deficient, and the aquatic product processing capacity is lagging behind. Therefore, the following key measures are proposed: conservation and restoration of offshore fishery resources, development and scientific utilization of deep-sea fishery resources, construction and application of a new technology system for green and healthy aquaculture, research and application of deep-sea aquaculture platform technologies, construction and promotion of new aquaculture models, and green processing and high-value utilization of aquatic products.Through the high-quality development of fisheries, China is expected to become advantageous in fisheries science and technology by 2035, with a total output of 8.1×107 t of aquatic products. By 2050, intelligent fisheries is expected to be realized in China, outputting 1×108 t of aquatic products.
  • Orginal Article
    Protein Substitution Strategy for Ensuring National Food Security in China
    Pu Hua , Yang Jing , Wang Yongwei , Tu Tao , Li Yansong , Luo Huiying , Yao Bin
    2023, 25(4): 149-157. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.003
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    key to satisfy people’s demand for consumption of livestock and poultry products. This study focused on the strategic requirements of ensuring food security and achieving sustainable protein supply, and analyzed the utilization status of protein feed resources and summarized the major problems in protein feed supply. Based on the protein feed resources in China and the potential of protein supply in the international market, this article analyzed the potential for substituting soybean meal in our country. It is expected that by 2035 the soybean imports will have reduced 58.8 million tons compared with 2020 by expanding the planting, increasing the income of oil crops, developing new feed resources, utilizing conventional protein feed resources, efficiently, optimizing the planting structure of forage crops, as well as improving the efficiency of livestock and poultry protein conversion. It is suggested that future efforts should be focused on tapping potentials and expanding resources, strengthening scientific and technological support, also carrying out appropriate import by imptementing major projects such as increasing crop and forage production, improving quality and efficiency of unconventional protein feed resources, and developing new protein feed resources. In addition, financial support should be increased and the international market effectively exploited, in order to promote soybean meal substitution and ensure national food security.
  • Orginal Article
    Efficient Utilization and Optimal Allocation of Agricultural Water Resources in the Yellow River Basin
    Zhao Ying , Wang Haixia , Wang Yi , Niu Zhongen , Hu Qiuli , Zhao Fen , Suo Lizhu ,Xu Zhenghe , Chen Xiaobing
    2023, 25(4): 158-168. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.013
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    Water resources are basic natural and economic resources of strategic significance and are vital for the high-quality agricultural development and ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin. To implement the national strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, it is significant to improve the use efficiency and allocation of water resources in the basin. This study focuses on the high-efficiency utilization and sustainable development of agricultural water resources, adopts the research methods of systematic hydrology, and adheres to an all-encompassing approach to food. Based on the theories and technologies for the optimal allocation of water resources in the process of high-quality agricultural development, it explores the mechanism for the hydrologic process of farmlands and investigates the challenges faced in terms of water use efficiency improvement, optimal allocation of agricultural and ecological water resources, collaborative optimization of water, food, and ecosystem, and construction of farmland information systems. Countermeasures are further proposed. This study reviews the agricultural water-saving and water resource allocation capabilities of the whole Yellow River Basin from a water cycle perspective and is expected to provide basic support for the optimal allocation of land and water resources, high-quality agricultural development, and ecological protection collaboration in the Yellow River Basin.
  • Orginal Article
    Constraints and Coordinated Allocation Strategies of Water and Land Resources for Sustainable Use of Coastal Saline-Alkali Land in the Yellow River Delta
    Zuo Qiang , Wu Xun , Shi Jianchu , Wang Quanjiu , Liu Zhaohui , Zhu Anning ,Yin Dongqin , Feng Quanlong , Ji Wenjun, Kang Shaozhong
    2023, 25(4): 169-179. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.028
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    To ensure national food and ecological security in China, it is essential to develop various reserve resources for cultivated land based on existing farmland advantages. Owing to abundant saline-alkali land reserves, the Yellow River Delta has enormous potentials for agriculture development. However, water scarcity and imbalance between water and land resources allocation have significantly limited the efficient utilization of saline-alkali land in this region. According to the development status regarding salinealkali soil amelioration and crop production, this study analyzes water and land resource conditions, clarifies major challenges for the sustainable development of local agriculture from the perspectives of water resource supply, groundwater table regulation, management and utilization system of saline-alkali land, technological innovation, and follow-up engineering maintenance, and proposes strategies for efficient use and coordinated allocation of water and land resources in the region. The strategies include: (1) increasing water supply from the Yellow River and connecting the coastal hydrographic net to make optimal allocation of regional water resources; (2) improving irrigation and drainage systems and auxiliary projects to enhance the quality of arable lands; and (3) accelerating demonstration and promotion of key technologies for saline-alkali soil amelioration to fully leverage the supporting function of sciences and technologies. The research results can provide a reference for comprehensive governance and utilization of saline-alkali land and agricultural sustainable development.
  • Orginal Article
    Coordinated Development of Water, Food, and Energy in Upper and Middle Reaches of the Yellow River
    Jiang Shan, Wang Jianhua , Liu He , Zhu Yongnan , He Guohua,Li Wei , Huang Hongwei
    2023, 25(4): 180-190. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.012
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    The upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River is an important region in China characterized by ongoing conflicts regarding water resources, food, and energy. To achieve high-quality development of the region, it is essential to identify water, food, and energy security risks and propose corresponding measures. This study examines the basic implications of water-food-energy coordinated development and analyzes the new situation, opportunities, and challenges associated with the coordinated development of water, food, and energy in the region. Focusing on the goals of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, the study proposes a strategic framework for coordinating water, food, and energy development. It further proposes the following suggestions: (1) maximizing the utilization of water resources, (2) taking the energy industry as a pillar industry of the region and enhancing energy production efficiency, (3) ensuring food security by strengthening water support, (4) minimizing the negative impacts of food and energy development on water resources and ecology, and (4) innovating technological and institutional approaches to guarantee water, food, and energy security.
  • Orginal Article
    Water–Energy–Carbon Nexus of Social Water Cycle System and Low-Carbon Regulation Strategy
    Wang Jianhua, Zhu Yongnan , Li Linghui , Li Jiaxin, Jiang Shan , He Guohua
    2023, 25(4): 191-201. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.014
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    Water is the most active and critical factor in the socio-economic system, and the scale of greenhouse gas emissions accompanying water withdrawal and treatment is increasing. It is important to study the energy consumption and carbon emission of the social water cycle system to promote the achievement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. This study summarizes the current status of energy consumption and carbon emissions in the social water cycle from the perspective of water ‒ energy‒ carbon nexus. Based on the analysis of change trends and influencing factors and focusing on existing problems and challenges, it proposes strategies for the efficient and low-carbon development of the social water cycle system under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets. China’s social water cycle system is developing toward an energy-intensive direction. The carbon emission intensity in water supply and drainage sectors increased the most, with an increase of 23.3% and 78.6% respectively from 2009—2021. With the increase of the scale of unconventional water and inter-basin water transfer, the energy consumption and carbon emission of the water system will continue to increase in the future, and the challenge of carbon neutrality is daunting. The study recommends that (1) basic scientific research should be strengthened and a carbon accounting system should be built for the whole process of social water cycle, (2) the research and development of system configuration and low-carbon technologies should be promoted to improve the comprehensive capabilities for pollution and carbon reduction as a whole, (3) energy conservation should be promoted in the whole society to realize the dual conservation of water and energy, and (4) carbon emission management in the water system should be improved to realize the low-carbon development of the social water cycle.
  • Orginal Article
    Development of Agricultural Standardization in China in the New Era
    Yan Yanhua , Wang Yahua , Yun Zhenyu , Xi Xingjun , Chu Qiao ,Xie Lihua , Wang Yutong
    2023, 25(4): 202-213. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.017
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    Standardization is crucial for promoting the transformation and upgrading of agriculture in China, participating in international market competition, and enhancing China’s right of speed regarding global governance. This study summarizes the standardization practices of major agricultural powers worldwide, reviews the agricultural standardization progress of China, and analyzes the implications, characteristics, and trends of agricultural standardization in China in the new era. It also examines the realistic predicament faced by China and proposes paths for strengthening the agriculture sector of China through standardization. The agricultural standardization of China exhibits the following major features and trends: marketization of participants, covering many chains, diversification of implementation modes, precision of service objects, all-round pursuit of values, and internationalization of the evolution path. It is necessary to properly handle the internal relations between standardization and factors such as agricultural supply, scientific and technological equipment, management systems, industrial resilience, sustainable development, and international competitiveness. Problems including dependence on government public standards, lack of golden standards in market, inadequate coordination between standards of upstream and downstream links, limited participation of social subjects, and slow progress in standards internationalization must be addressed. To further promote agricultural standardization in China, we propose the following implementing paths: (1) creating a situation featuring coordination and interaction of agricultural standardization, (2) establishing an agricultural industry chain standards system that features high quality and vitality, and (3) promoting China’s right of speech and core competitiveness regarding agricultural standardization.
  • Orginal Article
    Development Strategy for Aquatic Breeding Biotechnology
    Chen Songlin, Xu Wenteng , Lu Sheng, Hu Wei, Wang Deshou, Hu Xiaoli,Zhou Qian, Liu Qinghua, Zhao Zixia, Qin Qinbo, Wang Shi , Liu Yang, Cui Zhongkai
    2023, 25(4): 214-226. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.023
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    Biotechnology is crucial for the sustainable development of the aquatic seed industry. Therefore, improving the innovation capability in aquatic breeding and making seed sources independent are significant for ensuring food security in China. This study summarizes the development status and problems of aquatic breeding in China and analyzes the status of research and application of seven types of biotechnology for aquatic breeding, namely, transgenic breeding, ploidy breeding, molecular-marker-assisted breeding, genomic selection breeding, genome editing breeding, molecular design breeding, and germline stem cell transplantation; future research and development demand for these technical fields in China is further analyzed. Moreover, future development goals and major tasks are suggested, including collecting, preserving, and accurately identifying excellent germplasm resources of aquatic organisms, profoundly analyzing the genetic basis and regulatory mechanism of critical traits, developing efficient and accurate breeding technologies, and achieving breakthroughs in the creation of new varieties. Furthermore, following suggestions are proposed: optimizing development policies of the aquatic seed industry, promoting technological innovation in aquatic breeding, establishing platforms for aquatic variety creation and transformation, and setting up special projects to accelerate technological innovation and development of the aquatic seed industry.
  • Orginal Article
    Technology and Equipment of Big Data on Crop Phenomics
    Wen Weiliang, Guo Xinyu , Zhang Ying, Gu Shenghao, Zhao Chunjiang
    2023, 25(4): 227-238. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.015
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    Automatic equipment and information technologies make it possible to acquire multi-scale and multi-source heterogeneous data of crops under different growth conditions, forming big data on crop phenomics. This will greatly promote the research progress of crop functional genomics, digital breeding, and smart cultivation. In this paper, the demand for and industrial development of technology and equipment of big data on crop phenomics are analyzed. Then, the current situation of research and development in this area is summarized from five aspects: data acquisition hardware, data transmission, data analysis, knowledge formation, and applications. The problems and developmental trends of relevant technologies, equipment, and industrial application in China are analyzed from the perspectives of high-throughput acquisition and intelligent analysis of big data on crop phenomics. At last, the following suggestions are proposed: achieving breakthroughs regarding key crop phenotyping sensor technologies from the underlying chip level, forming an autonomous phenotyping extraction technology system on the basis of controllable open source, strengthening the standards system construction for big data on crop phenomics, creating a new model of genotype‒phenotype‒environment big data-driven digital breeding and smart cultivation, and building a talent pool and collaborative network for crop phenomics.