May 2021, Volume 23 Issue 2
    

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  • Orginal Article
    Honglin Zhuang, Le Yao, Sheng Wang, Jiaxiang Gu, Ye Wu, Kai Xie

    Cyberspace strategic early-warning is a monitoring and warning system that is established by a country or group for early detection, tracking, identification, and notification of incoming major cyber attacks or the spreading destruction of powerful viruses. It’s an important component of a national security defense system. The implementation of the national cyber development strategy in China requires high attentions to the construction of a cyberspace strategic early-warning system. This study analyzes the major characteristics and basic requirements of strategic early-warning in cyberspace, and studies four major warning styles: security vulnerabilities, security threats, intrusion attacks, and abnormal behaviors warning. It also emphasizes four key projects, namely cyberspace surveying and mapping system, vulnerability collection and early-warning platform, threat intelligence perception and push system, as well as security monitoring and comprehensive early-warning system, after summarizing the construction of strategic earlywarning and monitoring systems in cyberspace in China and abroad. To promote the strategic early-warning system in cyberspace, we propose several countermeasures and suggestions, including strengthening high-level coordination, focusing on multi-source data integration, establishing professional early-warning agencies, conducting regular security assessments, and implementing threat and early-warning grading mechanisms.

  • Orginal Article
    Shuo Wang, Peng Wu, Hua Lu, Tao Huang, Jidong Zhang, Yunjie Liu

    As an innovation-led, cross-disciplinary frontier field, the new network industry is crucial for promoting the innovation and application of the new-generation information technology as well as the integrated development of industrialization and informatization in China. It is also a powerful means for seizing dominance in emerging industries and economic growth. This study examines the development demand for new network technologies and elaborates on solutions for various application scenarios, highlighting its industrialization value. We made a detailed review of the macro development trend and the current technology application in the new network industry in China and abroad. We conclude the development ideas of China’s new network industry and study the key development directions of related industries. Then, we propose specific development goals for each subdivision in the short-, medium-, and long-term phases. The study shows that a new network industry strategic planning system and cutting-edge basic theory innovation research are urgently needed for China’s new network industry. The key technology directions for this industry includes new network architecture and basic theory, ultra-low latency/deterministic latency network, network operating system, cloud–network convergence, and programmable network.

  • Orginal Article
    Dan Li, Yuxiang Hu, Jiangxing Wu

    The ever-increasing demand for new businesses and the continuous development of the Internet economy have increasingly demanded network communications and service capabilities, and the infrastructure and the deriving technology system of the existing network still face a series of major challenges. New network architectures and key technologies have become the core of a new round of technological revolution and industrial upgrading in the world. Therefore, studying the strategic conception and development paths of new network technology innovation becomes an urgent need for China. In this article, we analyze the challenges faced by the current network technology, discuss the development status of new network fields in China and abroad, and summarize the development trend of new network technologies. Subsequently, we summarize the gaps and development goals of China in the new network field. Finally we propose the key technologies for the new network development in China, including new network architecture, network fulldimension definable technology, polymorphic addressing and routing technology, network intelligence technology, and endogenous security structure. From the aspect of technology roadmap, we suggest that an open, integrated, and secure new architecture should be established to build a new network environment that is intelligent, diversified, personalized, robust, and efficient. From the aspect of national policy, we suggest that support policies should be formulated regarding technology research and development, industrial ecology construction, and market access.

  • Orginal Article
    Shuo Wang, Jiasen Wang, Lei Cai, Tao Huang, Hua Lu, Yunjie Liu

    Deterministic networking for industrial manufacturing is a frontier technology with both theoretical innovativeness and technical practicability; it is significant for promoting technological innovations of the new-generation industrial Internet and for promoting the integrated development of industrial manufacturing and high-quality network, thereby providing opportunities for occupying the commanding height of network technology and seizing new economic growth points. This study investigates the development requirements for deterministic networking for industrial manufacturing from the aspects of manufacturing and communication enterprises, summarizes the development status and trends of the technology in detail, and further addresses development challenges. We classify the development stages of the technology into pilot demonstration, large-scale replication, and spontaneous innovation. Research reveals that the “deterministic network+ industrial manufacturing” development in China needs to focus on the following aspects: establishing industry alliances to improve the industrial ecology, maximizing the existing public networks, carefully selecting industry development paths, increasing resource guarantee for application innovation, strengthening research on basic theories and key technologies, and training personnel through collaboration among industry, universities, and research institutes.

  • Orginal Article
    Dan Li, Di Zhu, Juan Shen

    Future networks demand ubiquitous and interconnected information services in a full-dimensional space. However, the infrastructure and the deriving technology system of the existing satellite Internet still face unprecedented challenges in terms of heterogeneous collaboration, resource efficiency, precision on demand, stability, and reliability. In this article, we analyze the development demand for satellite Internet in China and discuss the development status and trend of satellite Internet worldwide. Subsequently, we elaborate on a typical space–ground cooperative networking architecture and full-dimension definable network nodes. Ultimately, we propose the key intelligent-slicing technologies for a space–ground cooperative network in terms of network intelligent slicing, data analysis and forwarding, and the resource coordination and control mechanism. Furthermore, a development route is proposed for the intelligent slicing technology. Breakthroughs should be made on key technologies such as the businesson-demand intelligent slicing, data analysis and forwarding with full-dimension definability, and the global source coordination and control technologies; these breakthroughs should rely on the space–ground cooperative network architecture and supported by technologies such as network resource management and control, network intelligence, and full-dimension definability of the network architecture. This will ultimately provide continuous impetus for the innovation of the global dynamic optimization technology of the space–ground cooperative network resources.

  • Orginal Article
    Xiaofan Xu, Niwei Wang, Yingyuan Gao, Zhou Lu, Chunting Wang, Jun Lu

    The land–sea–air–space integrated information network is capable of providing globally accessible, safe, and reliable information services for land-, sea-, space-, and air-based users; it is an important infrastructure for China to maintain independence in the field and to become a cyberpower. This study uses literature research and expert consultation as the main research methods to summarize the development requirements of the land–sea–air–space integrated information network. After a detailed study on typical domestic and foreign systems, the major weaknesses of China’s land–sea–air–space integrated information network are summarized. Moreover, an integrated information network architecture and development routes are proposed. Specifically, we suggest that China should focus on the deep integration in terms of network architecture, technical system, and application services; integrate the communication, navigation, and remote sensing systems; promote technical independence and industrial upgrade of space-based networks; and strengthen its system security protection capabilities.

  • Orginal Article
    Qiuhua Wang, Guohua Wu, Dongxiao Wei, Gongxun Miao, Yanfei Xu, Yizhi Ren

    Industrial Internet security is a prerequisite and guarantee for the high-quality development of China’s industrial Internet industry; it is also important for enhancing China’s cyber and manufacturing industries. This study aims at the future development of the industrial Internet security industry in China. First, we analyze the development status of the industry in terms of industrial policies, standards system, industrial structure, and industrial scale. Subsequently, we elaborate on the opportunities and trends of the industry and propose the development path for the next-generation industrial Internet security industry in China. To explore a sustainable development path suitable for China’s industrial Internet security industry, top-level design and policy guidance should be enhanced; technological innovation and transformation should be reinforced; advantages of enterprises and organizations should be complemented to construct a healthy development ecosystem; the security and stability of the supply chain should be emphasized; and personnel training and team building should be promoted to support the research collaboration among government, industry, universities, research institutes, and application.

  • Orginal Article
    Peiru Fan, Jun Li, Chonghua Wang, Xueying Zhang, Zhiqiang Hao

    While an effective industrial Internet supply chain improves production efficiency and reduces operating costs of enterprises, it broadens the attack surface of industrial control systems and production equipment, introducing new security risks. This study focuses on the security development path of the industrial Internet supply chain. First, the current status of the industrial Internet supply chain is introduced. Subsequently, typical security problems are summarized and challenges faced by China are analyzed. Furthermore, an innovative security development path is proposed for the industrial Internet supply chain. Considering the full range of manufacturing, China should further enhance the layout of intellectual property for industrial Internet and construct an industrial system for information innovation. Moreover, its capabilities for technically guaranteeing the security of the industrial Internet supply chain should be promoted, with a focus on channel security. Furthermore, coordinated development between upstream and downstream enterprises should be encouraged, and a secure development environment should be optimized for the industrial Internet supply chain.

  • Orginal Article
    Yue Dong, Zhiqin Wang, Huirong Tian, Shan Li, Guoying Qin, Silamu Wushour

    As the new-generation information technology, such as cloud computing and big data, integrates in depth with traditional industrial operation technologies, the industrial Internet becomes a new driving force for the digital transformation of industrial enterprises. Meanwhile, industrial Internet security problems have increased; therefore, improving the technological capabilities for guaranteeing industrial Internet security becomes the prerequisite for the high-quality development of the industrial Internet. In this study, we first analyze the demand for industrial Internet development and summarize the development status of industrial Internet security protection, evaluation, and monitoring technologies. Subsequently, we investigate the development trend, technological difficulties, and challenges for the industrial Internet security technology, and propose the key technologies and their development approaches. To promote the safe and healthy development of industrial Internet in China, the industrial Internet security technologies need to be customized in accordance with industrial characteristics and scenarios, and closely integrate with new technologies such as big data and AI, to achieve active defense and create endogenous security capabilities.

  • Orginal Article
    Hao Zhou, Jun Li, Chonghua Wang, Libo Yin, Qian Zhao

    Industrial Internet security public service ensures the healthy development of the industrial Internet, as it is an important approach for outputting the industrial Internet security capability. In this article, we elaborate on the importance of industrial Internet security public service while analyzing its development status, and analyze the challenges faced by the development. The path for improving the basic capabilities of the industrial Internet security public service is proposed from the aspects of basic resource database construction, information sharing and exchange, situation awareness capability, and emergency response mechanism. Subsequently, the path for promoting the innovative development of the industrial Internet security is proposed in terms of the compatibility and adaptation of information technology application innovation, combination and arrangement of security service capabilities, as well as standards and evaluation mechanism. Finally, the development of the industrial Internet security public service is prospected from the aspects of intelligent security service, integrated public service platform, and new generation information technology.

  • Orginal Article
    Juan Ma, Guangchen Yu, Haoren Ke, Dongmei Yang, Silamu Wushour

    The new generation of information and communications technology is deeply integrated with the industrial system. The industrial Internet promotes the ubiquitous and deep interconnection and comprehensive perception of human, machines, and things. The industrial Internet equipment becomes increasingly networked, digital, and intelligent; therefore, the network security design, application management, and protection of these equipment become increasingly important. In this study, we clarify the connotation, protection scope, and requirements of the industrial Internet equipment, and summarize the development status of industrial Internet in China and abroad from the aspects of security control and security certification. Moreover, the problems regarding the network security of industrial Internet equipment in China are analyzed, and the specific implementation paths regarding the network security management and protection for the industrial internet equipment in China are discussed. Furthermore, several development suggestions are proposed. Specifically, the network security access mechanism of the industrial Internet equipment should be improved at the national level, a network security testing and certification system for the equipment should be established, research on the network security architecture and engineering application of the equipment should be promoted, and the network security risk monitoring and perception of the equipment should be strengthened.

  • Orginal Article
    Lin Hu, Jianjun Yang, Sha Wei, Nan Guo, Yuanye Ma

    Industrial Internet links the new-generation information technology and advanced industries; therefore, industrial Internet standardization is crucial for both the innovative development of the industrial Internet and the effective connection of all links in the industrial chain. In this study, we review the foundation work conducted in China and abroad for the standardization of the industrial Internet in fields such as industrial network, big data, platform, and information security, and summarize the problems faced by industrial Internet standardization. Moreover, a framework of the industrial Internet standards system is proposed, consisting of basic and common, network, data, platform, and security standards. An implementation path for industrial Internet standardization is proposed and demonstrated, focusing on common demand in key areas such as reference architecture construction; interconnectivity in data circulation, processing, and use; monitoring control and decision optimization; and network security. Advancing the industrial Internet standards system requires accelerating breakthroughs for key industrial Internet standards, strengthening the application and promotion of standards, and cultivate and improve the industrial ecology.

  • Orginal Article
    Chen Yang, Ruicheng Ma, Yushi Wang, Yanlong Zhai, Liehuang Zhu

    Industrial Internet security is crucial for strengthening the manufacturing and network sectors of China. Deep learning, owing to its strong expression ability, good adaptability, and high portability, can support the establishment of an intelligent and autonomous industrial Internet security system and method. Therefore, it is of great value to promote the integrated innovation of deep learning and industrial Internet security. In this study, we analyze the development demand for industrial Internet security from the perspective of macro industrial environment, security technology, and deep learning system, and summarize the application status of deep learning to industrial Internet security in terms of device, control, network, application, and data layers. The security challenges faced by deep learning application to industrial Internet primarily lie in model training and prediction. Furthermore, we identify key research directions including interpretability of deep neural networks, cost control of sample collection and calculation, imbalance of sample sets, reliability of model results, and tradeoff between availability and security. Finally, some suggestions are proposed: a dynamic defense system in depth should be established in terms of overall security strategy; an application-driven and frontier exploration integrated method should be adopted to achieve breakthroughs regarding key technologies; and resources input should be raised for such interdisciplinary fields to establish an industry–university–research institute joint research ecosystem.

  • Orginal Article
    Yaodanjun Ren, Zhengwei Qi, Haibing Guan, Lei Chen

    As the industrial Internet deeply integrated with manufacturing, the drive capability of industrial intelligence becomes prominent regarding the digitization and informatization of the manufacturing industry. Meanwhile, new applications propose higher requirements for service quality. Edge intelligence, a product of edge computing and artificial intelligence, completes intelligent tasks using computing resources near the data origin. It can alleviate bandwidth transmission pressure, shorten service response delay, and protect the security of private data. Hence, edge intelligence provides a possible approach to satisfy the performance requirements in industrial intelligence applications. This study reviews the research status of cooperative computing, resource isolation, privacy protection, and other key technologies in edge intelligence. Then the typical applications of edge intelligence in equipment management services, production process automation, and manufacturing assistance in the industrial Internet are analyzed in detail. Moreover, the development trend of edge intelligence for the industrial Internet is analyzed in terms of business driving mode, industrial ecology composition, alliance role, and business model. Furthermore, relevant policy suggestions are proposed. We suggest that superior resources should be integrated to establish industry standards; investment increased in basic common resources to deepen the application of the industrial Internet; a good industrial ecology created in the subdivided fields; and university–enterprise cooperation promoted to cultivate interdisciplinary personnel.

  • Orginal Article
    Yangchun Li, Hailong Wang, Yuxiao Li, Lei Chen, Youping Li

    The industrial Internet security industry is crucial for the healthy development of industrial Internet. The layout of this industry in developed countries and regions is relatively perfect. To strengthen the manufacturing, cyberspace, and digital sectors, the layout of this industry in China needs to be optimized. This study investigates the development demands for the industrial Internet security industry using literature research and intelligence analysis. Subsequently, the current status of industrial Internet security industry layout in the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan, and other developed countries is studied from the aspects of policy guidance, enterprise innovation, collaborative development, capital integration, and alliance ecology. Based on this, the international development trend is analyzed. Meanwhile, the current status and challenges faced by China are discussed in terms of policy and standard, technology and product, market space, investment and financing, and regional layout. The study points out that the optimization of China’s industrial Internet security industry layout should draw on the useful experience of other countries and consider China’s development reality. It is suggested that China should maximize the advantages of its system and mechanism to coordinate the development of the security industry; adhere to independent innovation to create an internationally competitive brand; improve the security standards system to actively lead the international rule making; strengthen the policy and financial support for small- and medium-sized enterprises to stimulate their innovation vitality; and build a collaborative development ecology to create an international and domestic dual circulation development pattern.

  • Orginal Article
    Minghao Zhu, Zhibo Zhang, Xiaoying Yang, Bo Gao, Jiyuan Zang, Xianming Qu

    The weak industrial foundation has been restricting the development of China’s manufacturing sector; it even threatens the high-quality economic development, social stability, and national defense security of China. As a significant aspect for modern industrial system construction, industrial foundation upgrading, aims to implement new development ideas, form new development patterns, and achieve high-quality development. In this paper, we analyze the connotations of industrial foundation and industrial foundation upgrading in China based on the idea and methods of systems engineering. The general idea for promoting industrial foundation upgrading in China are proposed. Market regulation and government intervention should be effectively coordinated. Focus should be given on basic parts, materials, manufacturing equipment, industrial software, and test platforms. Moreover, innovation and common research should be promoted. The industrial foundation upgrading should be promoted by stages. First, stranglehold problems should be resolved using the new national system. Second, a chain-type solution should be implemented to solve the weaknesses in development. Third, leading enterprises and some specialized and innovative small- and medium-sized enterprises should collaborate to establish an enterprise support pattern. To provide a theoretical reference for industrial foundation upgrading, the top-level design should be enhanced, the fundamental innovation system should be improved, and basic education and talent should be support strengthened.

  • Orginal Article
    Xiaole Xia, Jianrong Wu, Jian Chen

    With Industry 4.0 being promoted globally, the technical status, challenges, and upgrading directions need to be clarified for China’s traditional fermented food industry; strategies and policy suggestions are required for the upgrading of the industry. Field research, questionnaire survey, and literature analysis reveal that China’s traditional fermented food industry is decentralized, intelligent manufacturing has not been properly applied to the industry, and a green manufacturing system has not yet been completed. Meanwhile, the industry faces many challenges such as weak capability in independent research and development of core technologies and equipment as well as lack of a clear upgrading path. Therefore, key technologies should be enhanced by unearthing the fermentation metabolism mechanism and developing independent complete equipment, and standardization shall be strengthened to promote end-toend integration. To establish a novel fermented food industry, China should strengthen top-level design and strategic guidance, promote breakthroughs in key theoretical and technological foundations, nurture a new model of shared manufacturing, encourage policies and support measures, and improve industry standards and ecosystems.

  • Orginal Article
    Junlin Yang, Yufei Fang, Jun Wang, Guohui Mao

    Satellite navigation is an emerging industry of strategic importance in China. Targeted and powerful industrial policies can help optimize and upgrade the satellite navigation industry and promote the scaled, industrialized, and international development of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. They can also help establish a comprehensive spatiotemporal system that is integrated, ubiquitous, and intelligent. This study focuses on the transformation of China’s satellite navigation industry policies and expounds on the role of industrial policies in the development of the satellite navigation industry. Besides, it also summarizes the current status and main problems of the industry policies at the country, industry, and region levels, and analyzes the objectives, basic ideas, and measures for the transformation of these policies. The study demonstrates that a policy system has been preliminary established for the navigation satellite industry in China. However, the legalization level of the industry policies is low; these policies are fragmented; the policy instruments have not been scientifically combined; targeted policy support is urgently required for the core technology research of the industry; and the application of international rules and standards is inadequate. To promote the high-quality development of the satellite navigation industry in China, we suggest that the legislation of the industry should be accelerated, and policy support and dominating methods for the industry should be adjusted. Moreover, comprehensive and targeted policy implementation should be promoted, the coordination mechanism should be improved, and China’s satellite navigation industry should participate in the formulation of international standards and rules.

  • Orginal Article
    Hongmei Yu, Zhigang Shao, Ming Hou, Baolian Yi, Fangwei Duan, Yingxuan Yang

    The increasing demand for carbon emission reduction has drawn wide attention on the green hydrogen-manufacturing technology. Hydrogen production by water electrolysis based on renewable energies has the lowest carbon emission among the main hydrogen manufacturing methods. This study summarizes the hydrogen demand, hydrogen industry planning, and demonstrations of hydrogen production by water electrolysis. The water electrolysis technology is analyzed, including alkaline water electrolysis and proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis. Research reveals that improving electrocatalyst activity, catalyst utilization, bipolar plate surface treatment, and electrolyzer structures helps optimize the performance of PEM electrolyzer and lower equipment cost. The PEM water electrolysis has high operating current density, low energy consumption, and high output pressure; therefore, it accommodates the fluctuation of renewable energy power generation and can be easily combined with renewable energy consumption. Considering the technical characteristics of hydrogen transportation and electrolytic hydrogen production as well as hydrogen transportation demand in China, a solution for green hydrogen generation and long-distance transportation is proposed. High-pressure hydrogen is first produced by water electrolysis using the abundant renewable energy resources from Northwest, Southwest, and Northeast China, and then delivered via the gas pipeline network. End users acquire the gas–hydrogen mixture and ultimately obtain hydrogen by reforming.

  • Orginal Article
    Changfa Xiao, Benqiao He, Chunrui Wu, Genghao Gong, Shicheng Jiang

    Hollow fiber membrane (HFM) technology is one of the common key technologies for solving major problems including water and energy crises and environment pollution. It is also crucial for achieving high-quality development characterized by energy conservation, clean production, and improvement in system efficiency and product quality. In this article, the strategic demand, development status, and development trend of the HFM technology and industry are analyzed; the major challenges and innovation focus in its subfields in China are discussed; and the development goals by 2025 and 2030 are clarified. Moreover, four key tasks were proposed in terms of hollow fiber ultrafiltration/microfiltration membrane, high-quality hydrophobic membrane, new membrane technologies, and waste membrane recycling. Furthermore, measures and suggestions were proposed in terms of talent management, innovation investment, industry standards, and international cooperation, to provide a reference for the high-quality development of HFM technology and industry in China.

  • Orginal Article
    Bo Sun, Xueyuan Tang, Enzhao Xiao, Xiaosong Shi, Xuyu Cheng, Lin Li, Fuhai Wei, Tijun Zhang

    The competition among world powers for the rights and interests regarding Antarctic science and technology frontiers, geopolitics, and resource exploitations tends to be fierce. Therefore, constructing and operating Antarctic aviation infrastructure becomes strategically important for China as it assists in enhancing China’s comprehensive influence in the Antarctica, expanding the scale of Antarctic scientific expedition, and rapidly delivering personnel and materials. This study comprehensively reviews the current status of Antarctic airport construction and investigates the technical challenges faced by China regarding the same issue. We also analyze the engineering technology systems of polar research powers for ice and snow runway construction and summarize the key technologies that China should master for Antarctic airport construction. For future construction of large airport runways in the Antarctica, the core engineering technology system for China should cover three major engineering steps (i.e., runway site selection, pavement material design, and manual treatment of ice and snow pavements) and one core technology (i.e., compacted snow layer construction). Considering the demand for aviation capacities by the innovative development of China’s Antarctic scientific expedition, we propose the following key research directions: natural environmental conditions of airport sites, snow compaction, construction equipment, and design of the airport operation monitoring system.

  • Orginal Article
    Conghui Wang, Zhe Feng, Zhiwei Yin, Shuang Li, Xiangmei Chen

    In 2020, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) broke out and swept rapidly all over the world. The Chinese and western integrative medicine, a unique medical model in China, has played an important role in the fight against the epidemic. We need to draw experience from the fight against the epidemic to promote the development of Chinese and western integrative medicine and provide intellectual support and theoretical guarantee for the national health and medical undertakings. First, we review the achievements of the Chinese and western integrative medicine since 1949 using literature review and questionnaire survey, and summarize the key roles of this integrative medicine in the prevention and control of COVID-19. Subsequently, we analyze the weaknesses of the integrative medicine in terms of medical resources, clinical education and research, and internationalization, and propose the construction goals for this discipline under the new circumstances in China, including the inheritance and innovation of the Chinese and western integrative medicine and a world-leading role in the integration of Chinese traditional medicine with western medicine. Furthermore, we suggest that China should improve the governance system for the Chinese and western integrative medicine, enhance talent training in this discipline, actively promote international exchange, and encourage the Chinese and western medicine integration culture.