The Internet Plus initiative has been integrated into many sectors of the economy and society, which profoundly changes the development model, technology, and forms of various fields and constantly enhances the country’s innovation and competitiveness. The new-generation artificial intelligence technology, new information and communication technologies, and new Internet technologies have been integrated with technologies in various fields, driving the digital transformation and upgrades of these fields and ushering in an Intelligence Plus era which is led by intelligence, driven by data, and featured by ubiquitous interconnection, sharing services, cross-field integration, and mass innovation. Against the backdrop of Intelligence Plus, this study summarizes the development status and problems regarding the Internet Plus initiative in China, expounds its new connotations, and demonstrates the architecture and technology system pedigree framework of the Internet Plus system. Moreover, it analyzes the strategic goals and technological routes of the Internet Plus initiative in the Intelligent Plus era in China and proposes specific project suggestions: strengthening fundamental research in order to make breakthroughs in core technologies and focusing on the in-depth integration of the Internet Plus initiative with different fields such as smart manufacturing, modern agriculture, smart energy, people-benefiting services, smart transportation, and smart environmental protection. We also propose that a systematic policy mechanism should be established to support the Internet Plus initiative, laws and regulations as well as standards systems should be improved, and a cross-border integrated talent training system should be created, hoping to provide theoretical references for the development of the Internet Plus initiative in the Intelligence Plus era in China.
Since the Internet Plus initiative was proposed five years ago, innovations associated with the new-generation information technology have accelerated and digital transformation of the economy and society has exhibited many new features. These necessitate the construction of a new system and exploration of new paths for the transformation, and measures currently taken under the Internet Plus initiative need to be evolved and upgraded. This study follows the objective laws of technological industry transformation and is based on the theoretical paradigm of technology economics. It analyzes the new trend and research frontiers of digital transformation at the technology, application, and policy levels. The study reveals that the current technology system and technological capabilities of digital transformation have gradually improved, a new blueprint for the transformation has emerged, and the integration of information technology with the real economy has entered a new stage. However, the digital transformation framework system needs to be reconstructed, the key elements of transformation needs to be strengthened, and key breakthroughs need to be achieved. To this end, in the follow-up policy design of the Internet Plus initiative and during the formulation of the 14th Five-Year Plan, China should focus on exploring the potentials of digital elements, promote the construction of the digital transformation ecology, establish transformation and innovation networks, and upgrade the policy support system for the Internet Plus initiative, thereby promoting the digital transformation of economy and society to a higher level.
The convergence of operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT) has become the key to industrial digital transformation and high-quality development of the manufacturing industry. This study analyzes the demands for the convergence of OT and IT and summarizes the convergence status of the two technologies from the aspects of industrial Internet of Things, cross-platform analysis framework, open platforms, and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system based on cloud deployment. It also proposes the technical paths for OT and IT convergence, including establishing a full set of computing stack, continuously promoting the industrial Internet, and strengthening the security assurance. To promote China’s Internet Plus initiative in industrial manufacturing, the standardization of OT and IT convergence should be strengthened, and a security system should be established by conducting risk assessment of key assets, paying attention to underlying data, developing a detecting system with anti-intrusion functions, detaching the communication function, and promoting the application of artificial intelligence.
Data-driven intelligence is the essence for both intelligent manufacturing and Industrial Internet. The integration of intelligent manufacturing and Industrial Internet can promote the transformation and upgrades of key areas of traditional industries and enhance research support for basic capabilities such as chips, basic software, algorithms, and mechanism models. This study analyzes the macro-demands for the integration in China, elucidates the development status and trends of intelligent manufacturing and Industrial Internet industries, and elaborates the opportunities and challenges for the integration. On the whole, we suggest developing emerging areas of the Industrial Internet industry, focusing on the key upstream links in intelligent manufacturing, and catching up with international advanced levels in traditional fields. Specifically for the Industrial Internet industry and its integration with manufacturing, China should make breakthroughs in the core areas, seizing opportunities to develop the emerging areas, and strengthening its efforts in the uncompetitive areas. Moreover, an industrial ecosystem with full participation of all entities should be established, talent training be strengthened, and commercial transformation of technological breakthroughs be accelerated, so as to support the rapid and healthy development of China’s intelligent manufacturing and Industrial Internet industries and provide basic guarantees for industrial transformation and upgrades.
Product design is crucial to improving product quality and lowering manufacturing costs. Cloud manufacturing is emerging as a new manufacturing model and an integrated technology and has become an important development direction for advanced manufacturing. To adapt to the transformation of traditional manufacturing to service-oriented and innovative manufacturing, this study investigates the current status of collaborative design and summarizes the problems regarding the sharing and on-demand use of massive resources in traditional manufacturing. It also proposes the architecture of a product collaborative design platform based on cloud manufacturing and explains the meaning of each layer in detail. Then three key technologies for building the platform are discussed: cloud manufacturing technology, product family and product platform technology, and product collaborative design technology. Finally, using a cloud-manufacturing-based product collaborative design platform system established by a company as an example, the system architecture and functions of the platform are analyzed, and the differences in task assign and completion time between cloud manufacturing and traditional manufacturing are compared. The effectiveness and superiority of the cloudmanufacturing-based system are verified, and the application and research direction of the system are prospected.
As digital and smart production methods being applied widely in manufacturing, enterprises should pay more attention to the values of manufacturing-related big data, which is important to the innovation of product process design. This study aims to propose a product process adaptive design method based on manufacturing-related big data. This method is proposed based on the requirement of enterprises for data–business deep integration and it is used for solving the insufficient utilization of manufacturing-related data among enterprises. To this end, a product process adaptive design model “data+ knowledge+ decision” is proposed and the data mining and utilization processes are summarized for the model, namely, multi-source heterogeneous data fusion; data cleaning and preprocessing; data conversion and dimensionality reduction; data mining; data visualization; and design decision. Subsequently, the automobile welding process is used as an example. A prediction model of the relationship between welding parameters and welding defects is established, aiming to improve welding quality and realize welding process adaptive design. This research reveals that manufacturingrelated big data contains rich knowledge and patterns and thus can guide product design decisions and support the product process adaptive design under different manufacturing environments. In the future, to enhance the integration of manufacturing-related big data with product process design, the integration of big data with 5G technology should be promoted and investment should be increased in the development of big data and algorithm design platforms.
Internet Plus Modern Agriculture is the practice of Internet concepts, technologies, and methods in the field of agriculture. It is a new format and mode that integrates Internet with the modern agricultural industry against the background of the new generation of information technology revolution. Based on the analysis of the demand for modern agricultural development, this study puts forward the necessity of developing Internet Plus Modern Agriculture in China. It presents the connotation of Internet Plus Modern Agriculture and analyzes its new characteristics from several aspects, including digitalization of information perception, intelligence of agricultural machinery, precision in agricultural production, online management of post-production links, and personalization of agricultural technology services. It also analyzes the challenges from three levels: technology, industry, and application, and proposes the development ideas and strategic objectives for the next fifteen years. We believe that the current development focus of Internet Plus Modern Agriculture mainly includes three aspects: to make breakthroughs in the application theory, methods, and key technologies; to form an industrial cluster for Internet Plus Modern Agriculture; and to demonstrate the integrated application of Internet Plus into fields such as agricultural production, supply chain, and productive services. To this end, China should accelerate the Internet connectivity and information sharing in the rural areas, constructing a technical standards system for Internet Plus Modern Agriculture, and develop disciplines as well as cultivate professionals related to Internet Plus Modern Agriculture, thus to promote the transformation and upgrades of the modern agricultural industry in China.
Ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products is one of the basic requirements of building a moderately prosperous society and it is related to the development of agriculture and the countryside as well as people’s health and safety. The Internet Plus initiative has accelerated the building of quality and safety standards and traceability systems for agricultural products. Overall, the quality and safety risks of agricultural products have been effectively controlled. However, there remain many problems, such as ambiguity of power and duties of government oversight, severe segmentation of different regions, poor uniformity in traceability standards, lack of width, depth, and accuracy of traceability information, weak commercial operation capacity, and insufficient sustainability of traceability systems. This study reviews the progress in agricultural product quality and safety with respect to supervision system, laws and regulations, standards system construction, and traceability technology/system development in China, then analyzes the main problems, and finally proposes potential solutions to achieve the development objectives for 2025 and 2035. We propose promoting the standardization of information traceability, improving the national traceability system, deepening risk monitoring and warning, widening the practical fields and service products, focusing on research of traceability technology, and paying attention to professional training. By this means, we hope that China can realize the long-term goals of building a sustainable traceability system with positive cycle and modernizing the national management system of agricultural product quality and safety in 2035.
Data center is one of the important directions of the New Infrastructure initiative, and the energy efficiency of the data centers has always been a focus of research. Park Energy Internet (PEI) is a system that emphasizes the consumption of clean energy and the promotion of energy efficiency. The “generation, grid, load, storage, and charging” coordination technology of PEI will be the key to improving the energy efficiency of data centers. So exploring the key technologies and development modes of PEI in data centers will be significant. However, the current research on data centers and PEI is independent to each other. Therefore, this study analyzes the integration of data centers and PEI, and discusses the key technologies in equipment planning, DC power distribution, waste heat recovery, multi-energy dispatch, load management, and energy storage dispatch. On this basis, we proposes the infrastructure framework of the PEI in data centers, explores its business models, and prospects the priority of further development. Finally, suggestions for the further development of the PEI in data centers in China are proposed; technology integration, pilot practice, and policy support are the key elements which promote its development.
The smart energy strategy can provide an energy sharing platform that is interconnected, transparent, and mutually beneficial. The digital twin technology can help break technical and market barriers associated with the development of smart energy. However, the digital twin technology is still in its infancy within the smart energy industry and lacks research on its development and application; a systematic research framework has not yet been formed. This study aims to promote the application of digital twin technology to the smart energy industry by summarizing the development experience of the technology in China and abroad and discussing its future development paths. After comparing the definitions and applications of digital twin technology in different fields, the definition of digital twin for smart energy systems is established, and its general architecture, key technologies, and ecological construction are discussed respectively. Moreover, application cases are briefly analyzed. Furthermore, countermeasures are proposed from three aspects: technology development, ecological construction, and policy establishment. This study is hoped to provide a reference for engineering applications of the digital twin technology in the smart energy industry.
Internet Plus Smart Environmental Protection integrates Internet innovations with ecological environment protection and can promote technological progress in the ecological environment protection field. It also promotes the decision-making, supervision, and public service levels of ecological environmental protection, and accelerates the transformation of the environmental management mode.This study analyzes the demands for Internet Plus Smart Environmental Protection, summarizes the technical status in terms of ecological environment information collection, transmission, management, and decision-making, and identifies the problems concerning the development of Internet Plus Smart Environmental Protection. An overall framework of Internet Plus Smart Environmental Protection is also proposed, and four typical application fields are studied: precise air pollution control, sysmatic water pollution treatment, ecological surveillance, and resource trading. To promote Internet Plus Smart Environmental Protection, it is necessary to develop multisource ecological monitoring, deep data analysis, and multi-business co-modeling, promote policies that encourage data sharing concerning environmental protection, and foster new businesses represented by environmental information services.
Health and medical data sharing in China is in its infancy. Key issues such as privacy security, unclear data ownership, and unclear distribution of benefits have long hindered the health and medical data sharing in China. Basic principles for the sharing can guide and promote the health and medical data sharing and help realize the values of these data. In this paper, 43 typical principles followed in international health and medical data sharing are summarized, of which the key principles that are generally concerned and followed by the international community are analyzed from the perspectives of law, ethics, and practice. The study reveals that value, respect, trust, fairness and justice, security, evaluability and evaluation, normativeness, and accountability are the primary principles that are generally appreciated in the international health and medical data sharing activities. Based on this, the basic principles with the highest consensus are established for health and medical data sharing. They may better guide and promote the reasonable and legal sharing of health and medical data in China and deepening the application of the Internet Plus mode in the health and medical field.
Internet Plus Intelligent Transportation can promote data and information sharing among traffic facilities during traffic operation. It can also optimize the operation modes of transportation organizations, increase economic and social values, and comprehensively satisfy people’s mobility needs. To actively meet the new development needs, this study clarifies the current development and problems of the Internet Plus Intelligent Transportation model, summarizes its integration trend with other industries and fields, and expounds the architecture of Internet Plus Intelligent Transportation. It is proposed that a travel chain should be created that is ubiquitous, flexible, seamless, trusted, and intelligent, based on the intelligent Transportation as a Service concept (iTaaS) and new critical infrastructures in China with international competitiveness such as the BeiDou satellite navigation system and 5G technology. Moreover, it is also necessary to strengthen the independent innovation and integration of key technologies, establish an Internet of Vehicles with intelligent and precise control while developing intelligent connected vehicles, cultivate an industrial ecology for the Internet of Vehicles, and strengthen policy guarantees.
Internet Plus New Infrastructure is a key component of the Internet Plus initiative. This study analyzes the demand, development status, and problems regarding the Internet Plus New Infrastructure mode, and proposes that establishing the Internet Plus New Infrastructure mode requires addressing the effective aggregation, integration, and application of massive data and ensuring realtime processing and response with high concurrency, low latency, and high security and reliability of network services. This study also demonstrates the typical construction path for constructing the Internet Plus New Infrastructure mode, that is, to address the efficient integration and effective use of city data through the construction of data middle offices and to provide both high-throughput and highquality services through the “information high-speed rail stations.” The concepts and technical essentials of the data middle offices and information high-speed rail stations are analyzed, which are the core infrastructures of the Internet Plus initiative. To promote the Internet Plus initiative in China, countermeasures and suggestions for the construction of the Internet Plus New Infrastructure mode in cities are proposed from the perspective of planning, policy implementation, and flexible operating models.
Against the background of an active global layout of industrial development, China focuses on exploring suitable industrial development theories. The management system consists of a set of important methodologies for production organizations and thus is critical to economic development. This study builds a theoretical model for Internet Plus Management System from the three perspectives of organizational form, value network, and resource environment, and quantitatively evaluates the application status and innovation trend of the deep integration between innovative achievements of the Internet and economic and social fields in China, using the evaluation data of over 160 000 enterprises acquired from the Contemporary Service Platform for Integration of Informatization and Industrialization. The analysis reveals that the Internet Plus integration mode has achieved remarkable results in China. A new capability system has been gradually established under the background of Enterprise Internet, and the paths have become clear for industrial transformation and upgrading. However, the level of integrated collaboration remains low and the information infrastructure is relatively underdeveloped. Based on the theoretical model and application assessment, the Internet Plus Management System for 2035 is discussed and prospected in terms of subjects, factors, models, etc., hoping to provide references for the manufacturing transformation and upgrading and high-quality economic development in China.
The rapid development of information technology has brought new opportunities for the Internet Plus initiative. Meanwhile, the requirements of Internet Plus technologies, industries, and applications are difficult to satisfy by the current Internet Plus standards; therefore, an Internet Plus standards system needs to be constructed. This study aims to conduct theoretical research on the construction of the Internet Plus standards system. It analyzes the current status of general standards for key technologies, integration standards, and sub-sector standards systems related to Internet Plus and summarizes the problems facing future development. A preliminary plan for the Internet Plus standards system is proposed, covering six aspects: general standards, security, common support, service integration, guidelines and evaluation, and application. To meet the standardization needs of sub-sectors such as collaborative manufacturing, modern agriculture, smart energy, people-benefiting services, intelligent transportation, and green ecology, specific recommendations are proposed for Internet Plus standards formulation as well as its application and promotion mechanisms. Furthermore, effective pilot demonstration, scientific talent training, and a sound long-term mechanism are the effective guarantee for the Internet Plus standardization practice.
The Internet Plus action plan (IPAP) plays a significant role in promoting China’s industry upgrades and high-quality development of the economy. As IPAP is evolving into a new phase of in-depth development, related technologies are constantly being upgraded and a variety of industrial integration models emerges. Therefore, it is urgent to systematically investigate recent policies and plans related to IPAP, to analyze its current situation and identify problems, then to further optimize relevant policy systems. In this work, recent policies and plans released to promote IPAP are systematically reviewed, including national and local ones. Based on review and surveys, the current problems of IPAP policy system are discussed, including fragmentation of policy documents, homogenization of local policy documents, inadequate supporting measures, and lacking of phased evaluation methods. Moreover, policy recommendations are proposed to promote IPAP’s further development. Recommendations include measures to: (1) establish and improve a systematic policy formulation mechanism for IPAP, (2) improve the coordination system to promote IPAP, (3) reasonably strengthen the financial support for IPAP, and (4) improve related laws, regulations, and standards on IPAP. It is expected that this work can provide a reference for relevant research on IPAP policy systems.
Human is the most dynamic factor in a manufacturing system; no matter how advanced intelligent manufacturing would be, it should meet humans’ needs and serve for a better life. Based on the theory of human–cyber–physical systems (HCPS) in the context of intelligent manufacturing, the concept of human-centered intelligent manufacturing (HCIM) is firstly proposed in this work. HCIM is discussed from the aspects of background, connotation, human factors, technical system, and practical applications. It clarifies that HCIM not only reflects an important perspective, but also represents one of the significant research directions of intelligent manufacturing. On this basis, several suggestions are recommended from policy decision-making, enterprise development, and scientific research levels, including linking HCIM with relevant national strategies, regarding HCIM as a key concept for enterprises’ development, and enhancing research on human factors/ergonomics in intelligent manufacturing systems. It’s expected that this work can provide a reference to promote HCIM development and applications in China.
Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been widely applied in socio-economic development and national defense construction; however, it still requires improvement in terms of flexibility, interpretability, robustness, and security. This study defines AI technology and AI industry and subsequently compares AI technology with nuclear and photovoltaic technologies from the aspects of basic theory, technology development, and market application, aiming to explore an effective path for AI development and innovation. The study reveals that the development of AI technology is bound to shift from an involution to evolution mode and integrated development is an optimized path for AI technology innovation in China. Specifically, a three-step development route should be adopted, including direct transfer of civilian achievements to military use, military–civilian coordinated innovation, and promoting civilian use based on military development. To promote deep integration of AI technology, new research institutions should be established, financial support be increased, talent training be promoted, and ethical research be conducted.
Deepening the reform of the judicial system in China and improving the unified management system for judicial authentication are important in promoting the overall law-based governance of the country. Straightening out the management system of forensic identification is the top priority to establish a unified management system for judicial authentication. In this paper, different management systems of forensic identification are compared and the current disadvantages in forensic identification in China are analyzed, including decentralized management departments, excessive marketization, unbalanced regional development, and insufficient research investment. Based on this, the feasibility and necessity of establishing an administration mode of medical examiner offices in China are investigated. Moreover, the operating mechanism and responsibilities of the medical examiner offices are elaborated. We propose that China should integrate its forensic resources in different departments and strengthen the forensic professionals to establish a unified medical examiner office system which is independent of the judicial system and covers the national, provincial, and municipal levels, thus to improve the authority and credibility of forensic identification. The medical examiner offices should be responsible for judicial authentication, scientific research, professional title assessment, personnel training, and for formulating technical standards and guidelines for forensic identification.