Jul 2020, Volume 22 Issue 3
    

  • Select all
  • Orginal Article
    建敏 张

    To promote the development of laser technology and its application, the Chinese Academy of Engineering launched a major consulting project “Strategic Research on China’s Laser Technology and Its Application by 2035” in 2018. This paper is a comprehensive research report on the project. It briefly analyzes laser technology and its instrumental, leading, and disruptive role in scientific research and industrial application, and summarizes the present situation of research and application of laser technology in frontier laser, manufacturing, information and communication, medical treatment, and other fields in China. Several problems that restrict the rapid development of lasers are presented, and the development goals of China’s laser technology and its application by 2035 are conceived. To achieve these goals, China should strengthen the overall planning at the top level to lead the rapid development of laser technology and its application and strengthen basic research to make breakthroughs in major basic problems, common technology foundation, and basic materials and devices. It also should establish research and development special projects concerning laser application to create multiple new laser industry chains, and innovate its industry coordination mechanism to improve the innovation ecology of laser industry. Moreover, China should strengthen the basic education concerning the laser technology and promote talent cultivation of the laser and optical disciplines.

  • Orginal Article
    天枢 王

    Laser technology has been widely used in the field of information since it was invented and has promoted the rapid development of information technology, which has become the main driving force for the development of information technology. “Strategic Research on China’s Laser Technology and Its Application in Information by 2035” is a key sub-project of the major consulting project “Strategic Research on China’s Laser Technology and Its Application by 2035” launched by the Chinese Academy of Engineering. It aims to conduct a comprehensive research on the application of laser technology in the information field and on the development of related industries in China; analyze the development trend of laser technology in the information field; and propose suggestions to promote the development of the field. This paper introduces the major application of several laser technologies—optical communication, laser display, optical storage, and optical sensing—in the information field, and analyzes the research and development status of laser technology, the major key technologies, and the development of related industries in China and abroad. To promote the laser technology application in the information field, we suggest that China should establish key research directions and promote the development of core technologies; build an industrial innovation platform to improve technological innovation; lay emphasis on intellectual property protection and strengthen the training of high-end talents; guide the cooperation of government, industry, education, and research to promote achievement transformation; increase policy support and guide the healthy development of the industry; exploit the advantages of industrial agglomeration to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.

  • Orginal Article
    Haixia Qiu, Buhong Li, Hui Ma, Xunbin Wei, Sihua Yang, Yang Li, Yizhou Tan, Defu Chen, Hongyou Zhao, Jing Zeng, Ying Gu

    Laser diagnosis and treatment technology has been successfully applied in the field of healthcare and become an important part of precision diagnosis and treatment in modern medicine. This article focuses on the medical application of laser technology and summarizes the development status, trends, and problems of China’s laser technology in clinical treatment, diagnosis, and industrialization, from the perspectives of practical application and industrial chain. The study revealed that China’s laser medicine has made great progress in terms of laser treatment technology, medical laser diagnosis and treatment equipment, and the industry; however, on the whole, the clinical application of laser medical technology is still catching up with the global trend. The applied research of the technology still lacks original creativity, and the research and industrialization of medical laser equipment are at the mid-low end. The key technologies and high-end equipment such as ultrafast lasers for precision diagnosis and treatment are still under foreign monopoly. The study proposes that China should establish sub-disciplines under laser medicine; strengthen the construction of national science and technology innovation platforms for laser medicine; develop regulations on laser medical equipment in a targeted manner; launch relevant policies to support the development of the laser medical equipment industry; and strive to make breakthroughs in key technology research for medical laser diagnostic equipment.

  • Orginal Article
    Xin Wei, Ming Li, Jian Li, Chao Wang, Chuanchuan Li

    As the basis of the whole laser industry, the semiconductor laser industry is not only large-scaled but also has strong radiation and driving capacities. The semiconductor lasers are widely used in industrial, military, and living consumption fields such as optical communication, optical information processing, novel manufacturing, laser display, and biological and medical sensing. To adapt to the gradually expanding application range and satisfy the new requirements of different application scenarios, various new mechanisms, concepts, and structures have been introduced into the semiconductor laser industry through interdisciplinary penetration, greatly optimizing the wavelength coverage, beam quality, device volume, power consumption, modulation speed, and output power of the semiconductor lasers. This paper introduces several rapidly developed new semiconductor lasers by comparing their physical connotation, structural design, and preparation methods. Considering the current development status of related industries in China, we suggest that the development of the semiconductor laser industry should be closely combined with industrial application. The performance of the semiconductor lasers should be optimized in a closed-loop manner relying on the market capacity and the strong systematic development ability in China to promote the key technologies. New principles, structures, and processes should be continually introduced into this industry through interdisciplinary integration. Meanwhile, using the policy-oriented advantages in China, we suggest to increase investment in vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers, micro-nano lasers, and topological insulator lasers and conduct mass production and controllable production, thus to seize the leading position in international competition in the related fields.

  • Orginal Article
    Yuanyuan Fan, Yi Zhou, Xin Guo, Qian Wang, Chunshui Jin, Qihong Lou

    Excimer laser has important applications in integrated circuit lithography, materials processing, medicine, and scientific research due to its short wavelength and high pulse energy. However, there remains a big gap in the high-end excimer laser technology between China and the international advanced level. In this article, the characteristics and development history of excimer lasers were briefly introduced first. Second, the development status and requirements of the excimer laser technology and its related typical applications were analyzed in China and abroad. Third, the main issues of the development of domestic excimer laser technology were proposed. Finally, in view of the relevant problems and needs, it is suggested that in the future, more efforts should be made to deepen the research, including basic generic technology research (design, preparation, and characterization of high-performance and high-end deep UV components, basic theory and verification research of discharge dynamics, etc.); long pulse, high repetition rate, and high energy/power technology; as well as emerging or potential application fields and derivative technologies, so as to lay the foundation for the independent and controllable development of excimer lasers in China.

  • Orginal Article
    Peng Li, Ming Li, Dai Wu, Zheng Zhou, Chun Tang

    Free electron laser (FEL) is a large-scale scientific research device based on electron linear accelerator and has been widely used in basic scientific research such as condensed matter physics, advanced materials and surface physics, atomic and molecular physics, chemistry, and biology. The advancement of FEL technology will promote the light sources to develop towards higher power and shorter wavelength to satisfy the increasing demands of users. This study introduces the necessity of development based on the characteristics of the FEL technology and summarizes the current development status of the technology in China and abroad. It also analyzes the existing problems in its development in China and proposes ideas and goals for the development of FEL technology in China. By 2035, China should focus on making breakthroughs in long-wave FEL, X-ray FEL, new FEL, and FEL-based extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography light source technologies. Based on the research and analysis, this study proposes some suggestions for the steady and healthy development of the FEL technology in China, including making scientific development strategies, raising investment in fundamental research to promote independent innovation, strengthening multi-party cooperation to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, promoting market application, and strengthening personnel training.

  • Orginal Article
    Jun Liu, Zhinan Zeng, Xiaoyan Liang, Yuxin Leng, Ruxin Li

    Ultrafast and ultraintense lasers have ultrafast temporal and ultraintense focal intensity properties. They can create unprecedentedly extreme experimental conditions with ultrahigh time resolution, temperature, and pressure as well as ultrahighstrength field. The ultrafast and ultraintense laser is one of the important tools for frontier fundamental research meant for extending the knowledge of mankind. This paper starts with the analysis of the application and development demands of the ultrafast and ultraintense lasers and then systematically investigates the research status of these lasers in China and abroad. Based on this, the developing routes and targets of ultrafast and ultraintense lasers as well as the related technologies needed for achieving these targets are proposed. Particularly, we proposed the respective key steps for developing ultraintense lasers with ultrahigh peak power and those with high repetition frequency, and emphasized the study of related technologies and ancillary components. Furthermore, several suggestions are proposed for the development of ultrafast and ultraintense lasers in China, including strengthening fundamental researches, improving personnel training, enhancing international cooperation, and promoting market application, hoping to provide references for the steady development of China’s laser technologies.

  • Orginal Article
    Xiaojun Tang, Gang Wang, Jiao Liu, Lin Geng, Dongsheng Jiang

    Laser propulsion, laser energy transfer, and other major research directions have proposed a major demand for high brightness solid-state laser technology, making relevant research remain the focus of international attention. This paper presents the macro demand for high brightness solid-state laser technology and summarizes the current situation of technology research in China and abroad, its development trend, and the problems for further development. Based on this, the key technologies of high brightness solid-state lasers are analyzed, and some suggestions are proposed for future development. The slab laser and fiber laser have become the focus of research owing to their outstanding advantages. While the output power of a single laser is constantly improving, the laser output with high brightness can be realized using the beam combination method. Key technologies should be promoted to form a technical system as soon as possible, such as new laser materials, high-ranking semiconductor laser pump source, high precision packaging process, adaptive beam control, and key components for beam combination. It is proposed to establish research projects for the solid state laser technology that is represented by the surface gain slab laser technology and has a good potential for development. The research and accumulation of common basic technologies should be strengthened to lay a solid foundation for the continuous improvement of output brightness, conversion efficiency, and power mass radio of solid-state laser in the future.

  • Orginal Article
    Shaoqing Guo, Wei Liu, Shuai Huang, Qiao Xiang

    Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) technology for metals is one of the key fundamental technologies for realizing intelligent manufacturing in fields such as aeronautics, astronautics, and medicine. This study summarizes the current status and trends of the LAM technology for metals in China and abroad using questionnaires, on-site surveys, and literature review. It also analyzes the gap between China’s technology development and the international advanced level and proposes a tentative strategy for the development of the LAM technology in China, hoping to provide support for the top design of national technological and industrial strategies and for the formulation of development goals for the LAM technology by 2035. Currently, the research on LAM technology focuses on active control of structure properties while comparatively ignoring control of geometric shapes in LAM. To satisfy the requirements of high-quality manufacturing, process monitoring of LAM equipment is highly valued. To improve the manufacturing capability and efficiency of high-value components, hybrid additive/subtractive manufacturing equipment has become a new research and development hotspot. The sound development of the LAM industry requires integration among the whole industrial chain including material, process, equipment, test, standards, and personnel training. China should fully explore the functions of the material genome technology for strengthening its fundamental research and improve its independent development capacity of core components and research on equipment integration. Moreover, the engineering application of the LAM technology should be conducted gradually.

  • Orginal Article
    Zhehe Yao, Jianhua Yao, Qiao Xiang

    Laser remanufacturing technology, as the frontier of manufacturing technology innovation, has profoundly changed the design and operation of high-end equipment. It is a critical supporting technology for green remanufacturing and an important force to promote sustainable development of manufacturing industry. In this study, the macro-demands of laser remanufacturing technology were analyzed. The development and application status of laser remanufacturing technology were introduced in detail. The challenges in development of laser remanufacturing technology and industry were summarized. Then, the staged development goals for 2025, 2035 and 2050 were proposed. Regarding the current challenges of laser remanufacturing technology in China on special materials, core components, remanufacturing concepts and standard systems, development suggestions were proposed: strengthening the active guidance at the strategic level; constructing the genome system for laser additive remanufacturing materials; improving the standardization system and the high-level applied talent training system; increasing application promotion and guiding industry integration; establishing cooperation platforms to accelerate the innovation development of key common technology, and providing support for laser remanufacturing technology and its industrial development.

  • Orginal Article
    Qunli Zhang, Liang Wang, Xuesong Mei, Jianhua Yao

    The laser surface modification technology uses high-energy-density laser beams to rapidly process the local vulnerable and consumable areas of components, which can achieve the desired performances on material surfaces and greatly extend the service life of the components. After decades of development, laser surface modification technology has been widely applied to aerospace, petrochemical, energy, transportation, metallurgy and other fields. Taking three typical laser surface modification technologies—laser shock processing, laser quenching, and laser cladding—as examples, this study introduces the technical characteristics and application status of these technologies in China and abroad and analyzes the existing problems. It also proposes the key research directions, including special alloy material preparation, multi-energy-field composited laser surface modification, on-site laser remanufacturing, laser shock processing with controlled shape and performance, intelligent laser surface modification, and laser surface micro-structure preparation. Some development suggestions are further proposed from the aspects of government guidance, domestic innovation, industrial chain improvement, establishment of the quality evaluation standards system, and talent training, in hope to provide references for the development of laser surface modification technologies in China.

  • Orginal Article
    Li Chen, Shuili Gong, Enguang He

    Laser cutting and joining technology is indispensable as an advanced manufacturing technology owing to its comprehensive advantages of flexibility, high efficiency, and high quality; and it has a profound impact on the manufacturing industry. With the intelligentization of advanced manufacturing, the laser cutting and joining technology will be surely promoted by the integration of laser technology and digital manufacturing technology. This study selects and analyzes four specific technologies that are most widely used in industry to summarize the application status of the laser joining and cutting technology, namely, laser welding, laser cutting, laser drilling, and laser marking. The problems faced by the development of the laser joining and cutting technology are discussed. The study shows that the development of laser cutting and joining technology should focus on the integration of the fundamental processes and equipment so as to improve key technologies in laser processing unit, laser materials processing, and intelligent integration. Moreover, research platforms for fundamental processes should be strengthened, with a focus on multi-dimensional combination of technological innovation and talent training. This will promote the coordinated development of the laser cutting and joining technology from application development to equipment market guarantee.

  • Orginal Article
    Weinan Gao, Zuyan Xu, Yong Bi, Yuan Yuan

    Display device is the terminal of information display in interactions between human and machine and is expanding to all aspects of people’s lives in the information age. Nowadays, all display technologies are developing toward high-fidelity images with ultra-high resolution, large screen, and true color, to satisfy people’s needs for perfect visual senses. Laser display technology uses tricolor laser as the display light source and can realize the reproduction of high-fidelity images with dual high definition (geometry/color), large color gamut, and high viewing comfort, which approaches the limit of human vison. Laser display is thus regarded as one of the significant directions for transformation and upgrading of the display industry. In this study, the technical and industrial characteristics of the laser display technology are analyzed in details based on the requirements of the industry for independent, controllable, and safe development. The current development situation, development trend, and key problems are summarized in the laser display industry. The development roadmap of China’s laser display industry is proposed. China should make more effects in breakthroughs of key technologies to grow its laser display industry in an independent and controllable manner. It also should support the high-end market of the next-generation display industry and build industrial clusters for laser display.

  • Orginal Article
    Tianshu Wang, Peng Lin, Fang Dong, Xianzhu Liu, Wanzhuo Ma, Qiang Fu

    Space laser communication technology is a major communication technology for space broadband information transmission in the future and has the advantages of high bandwidth, fast and convenient transmission, and low cost. It is the best means to cover the “last kilometer” of information transmission. This study aims to systematically understand the development process of the space laser communication technology. It summarizes the development of research and experimental verification of the technology in China and abroad regarding satellite-ground, inter-satellite, space-ground, and inter-space links. The key technologies of laser communication are studied in detail regarding acquisition tracking, communication transceiving, atmospheric compensation, and optomechanical design. Based on this, five future development trends of space laser communication are summarized emphatically, that is, high speed, networking, multi-purpose, integration, and multi-band. To further promote the research and industrialization of the space laser communication technology, this study proposes implementing basic research plans, focusing on the research and development of core components, actively participating in the formulation of international technical standards, and guiding the development of related industries.

  • Orginal Article
    Zhongwei Tan, Chao Lu

    As an important application of laser technology, optical fiber communications are key enablers for the current information age. With the emergence of new technologies including Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence, there are growing needs in the society for high capacity information transmission, which puts forward higher requirements for the optical fiber communication technology. Based on a systematic review of the development status of the technology in China and abroad, this paper analyzes the problems and challenges it faces in the application of specific scenarios, and prospects the development of some related technologies in the future. Through analysis, the challenges in optical fiber communication systems with an ultra-large capacity can be solved by increasing the transmitted power, raising the bandwidth of optical amplifiers, and conducting research on low-loss optical fibers and technologies related to space division multiplexing. The cost problems of the systems in other scenarios are also considered. In general, the optical fiber communication technology is evolving toward the direction of ultra-large capacity, intelligence, and integration. It is hoped to realize intelligent monitoring of network parameters, as well as ultra-long distance and ultra-large capacity transmission. With the development of devices and integration technology, the optical fiber communication industry continues to move forward toward the goal of high performance and low cost.

  • Orginal Article
    Xunbin Wei, Feifan Zhou, Lechan Tao, Sihua Yang, Bobo Gu

    Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of irreversible illnesses caused by the progressive loss of neuronal structure or function, leading to cognitive and movement disorders, without safe and effective treatments. Exploring the application potential of non-invasive physical therapy for neurodegenerative diseases is of great significance for disease remission and effective control. Phototherapy is a method that uses the interaction of light and tissue to treat diseases and promote the rehabilitation of the body through photochemical or photophysical reactions, with precise and minimally invasive features. Low-light therapy is a type of non-invasive phototherapy that is used in promoting wound healing, pain relief, inflammation regression, and tissue regeneration. Clinical studies have also confirmed that low-light therapy can effectively improve the pathological symptoms of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, as a non-invasive physical therapy, low-light therapy provides a promising new direction for the relief and effective control of neurodegenerative diseases. This article summarizes the research progress of low-light therapy for neurodegenerative diseases and prospects its application in conjunction with the development of optoelectronic technology. It is suggested that the mechanism and dose effect relationship of low light should be clarified, new low-light treatment technology should be developed, and the clinical verification system and evaluation index should be improved, so as to benefit patients and serve the society as soon as possible.

  • Orginal Article
    Xiaoguang Liu, Chunfang Lu, Xiaochen Ju, Chaoxun Cai

    China has made great achievements in railway construction since its founding over 70 years ago. Particularly, China’s highspeed railway industry has developed rapidly and become a beautiful national business card over the past 15 years. Steel structures play an irreplaceable and critical role in railway development and are widely applied in long-span railway steel bridges and roof trusses of railway stations. This research reviews and prospects the development of railway steel structures. It reviews the development of railway steel structures from the perspective of material, structure, and project scale, and proposes the development trends of the railway steel structures, namely, lightweight, assembly, informatization, strong durability, and high tenacity. Moreover, the focuses of future development of the railway steel structures are summarized in terms of design, construction, maintenance, and material. The diversification of application areas and environments has posed a series of technical challenges for the railway steel structure development, including weather resistant design, construction in harsh marine environment, and lack of maintenance in plateau environment, which all require persistent and further research.

  • Orginal Article
    Yun Chen, Chunfang Lu, Liming Sheng, Yanhong Liu

    This paper expounds upon the economic function definition of China Railway Express in the new era and sorts out its current operating situation and major risks and challenges. The main influencing factors of China Railway Express toward high-quality development are analyzed, such as the trade environment and infrastructure construction along the line, international multilateral communication and cooperation, goods supply support and logistics service level, as well as market-oriented operation. The practice of China Railway Express toward high-quality development is deeply explored based on win-win co-construction, and three development paths are presented: to promote both the quantity and operational quality of the China Railway Express; to implement the comprehensive development strategy of “train transportation+ logistics hub construction+ supporting service capacity”; and to build a multi-value chain of international trade, industrial upgrading, and financial services. Finally, this paper proposes safeguard measures from four aspects, namely strengthening coordination and cooperation and actively promoting customs clearance convenience; optimizing transportation organization and providing whole-process logistics services; improving price mechanism to attract multichannel capital investment; promoting platform construction and strengthening talents as well as scientific and technological innovation, in order to provide reference for the boosting of the high-quality development of China Railway Express.

  • Orginal Article
    Xudong Sun, Bo Zhang, Suping Peng

    China’s energy structure has long been dominated by coal. To achieve clean, high-efficiency utilization of coal in the country, it’s urgent to develop clean coal technologies (CCTs). After defining the concept of CCT, this paper identifies the advanced characteristics of CCT and predicts key cutting-edge technologies for 2035. By reviewing the development of major cutting-edge technologies in China and abroad, we give the strategic goal and path of China’s CCT development and corresponding policy suggestion. China has achieved a global leading position in technology research and development, equipment manufacturing, and demonstration project of advanced power generation technologies such as 700 ℃ ultra-supercritical technology, integrated gasification combined cycle/integrated gasification fuel cell combined cycle (IGCC/IGFC), and other technologies in coal deep processing industry. It has international competitiveness and advantages of research and development. However, there are still many problems in terms of independent innovation capability, scientific research mechanism and talent cultivation, and balanced development between regions and enterprises. It is necessary to plan for the long-term development of coal energy, deploy the development of modern coal chemical industry scientifically, actively deploy disruptive technology research and development and its engineering demonstration, and comprehensively improve CCT research and development and its industrial environment.

  • Orginal Article
    Junfei Li, Yuxiang Hu, Peng Yi, Jiangxing Wu

    The current infrastructure and technology system of the Internet are facing major challenges in terms of intelligence, diversification, personalization, robustness, and efficiency. It is urgent to change the network infrastructure and build a polymorphic definable and intelligent network. This paper studies and judges the development trend of network technologies in China and abroad, proposes the development goal of polymorphic definable and intelligent network, and extracts a list of key cutting-edge technologies for foresight. Based on these, the development roadmap of polymorphic definable and intelligent network in China for 2035 is constructed. China should prospect the research and development of key technologies including network architecture, addressing and routing, full-dimensional definability, network intelligence, and network robust control, and guide the development of relevant industries through the key contents including core chips, products, and systems. Demonstration projects can be deployed to promote the implementation of intelligent network business, including projects concerning information infrastructure, vertical industry network, space–earth integrated network, ubiquitous interconnection of human and things. In addition, this paper proposes some suggestions on the guarantee measures of polymorphic definable and intelligent network in China from the aspects of policy guarantee, scientific research platform support and joint research, international communication expansion, and human resource cultivation and employment.

  • Orginal Article
    Qingtang Yuan, Ruiyu Yin, Xianghong Cao, Peicheng Liu

    This study focuses on the constitutive characteristics, dissipative structure, dissipative process, modeling mechanism, and other physical essence concerning the manufacturing processes of the process manufacturing industry. The petrochemical and steel industries are used as the major research objects in the study. It integrates intelligence with the concept of cyber-physical systems (CPS) to investigate the possible approaches for realizing self-sensing, self-learning, self-decision-making, self-execution, and self-adaptation of plant-wide dynamic processes including operation, management, and service. It also studies the approaches for building a CPSbased intelligent factory. Furthermore, the goals, characteristics, and paths are proposed for the intelligent development of the process manufacturing industry toward 2035; and countermeasures and suggestions are also proposed regarding mechanism construction, science and technology project, financial support, technology research and development, intellectual property, and international communication.