Strategic emerging industries are an important force guiding future economic and social development. Accelerating the development of strategic emerging industries is an important measure to promote the upgrading of industrial structure and speed up the transformation of economic development mode in China. It is of great strategic significance to the China’s modernization. This paper focuses on the 14th Five-Year Plan and the development of strategic emerging industries by 2035. It also systematically analyzes the international environment, trend, present situation, experiences, and problems of the strategic emerging industries. The general development ideas and key directions of emerging industries in the future are put forward, and relevant measures and suggestions are also proposed with a view to provide a theoretical reference for the high-quality development of strategic emerging industries in China, including promoting overall coordination and optimizing top-level design, to strengthen strategic guidance; strengthening the foundation for innovation and improving the innovation system for the strategic emerging industries; stimulating market vitality and giving full play to the dominant position and leading role of enterprises in innovation; promoting openness and integration and insisting on the combination of “going global” and “bring in”.
The status of strategic emerging industries in China’s modern industrial system and their contribution to high-quality economic development are becoming increasingly significant. In face of complex domestic and international environments and the situation that China is about to enter the 14th Five-Year Plan period, it is urgently necessary to make macro thinking of China’s strategic emerging industries and study their strategic positioning. The paper carefully analyzes the development situation of emerging industries in developed countries; examines the achievements, challenges, and problems of emerging industries in China; demonstrates the urgent needs and importance of accelerating the development of relevant industries in China; and outlines a general idea about the development in China. China should regard the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries as an important component of the national modern industrial system; ensure the identification, classification, and strategic deployment of the weaknesses in technologies in the industries; and scientifically plan the regional layout of strategic emerging industries, thus to cultivate industrial clusters at the national level. Conclusively the paper suggests that China should include strategic emerging industries in the national 14th Five-Year Plan; issue a special plan for their development; and explore an integrated national system and a talent motivation and sharing mechanism.
Strategic emerging industries represent the direction for the new round of scientific and technological revolution as well as industrial transformation. They are key areas for China to implement supply-side structural reforms, foster new momentum for development, and gain new competitive advantages. Proposing corresponding development strategies to face major changes in the international and domestic environments in the future has become urgent need for China’s emerging industries. This paper sorts out the current status of strategic emerging industries, and adopts principal factor analysis to predict the environmental changes facing industrial development, from the perspectives of emerging technologies, new needs, international environment, and domestic ecology. Studies show that the role of strategic emerging industries in China’s national economy is becoming increasingly important, and the 14th Five-Year Plan period will be an important period of opportunities for industrial development. Meanwhile, emerging technologies are expected to boom worldwide and the international environment will undergo a profound adjustment. All these changes will pose significant impacts on the development of strategic emerging industries. Thus, to promote industrial development to adapt to the new macro situation, we propose that China should rationally adjust the development areas, strengthen its innovation capacity, improve the development environment, and optimize the industrial layout, in the follow-up policy design of strategic emerging industries and the formulation of the 14th Five-Year Plan.
Livelihood equipment is an important part of high-end equipment. It plays an important role in the development of national economy. China’s livelihood equipment lags behind the international advanced level in terms of international competitiveness and comprehensive level. The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) further exposed the serious shortcomings in China’s livelihood equipment concerning medical treatment, food, textile, and the like, as well as the urgent need for optimization and upgrading of the industry. In this paper, livelihood equipment regarding agriculture, food, textile, and medical treatment are studied, which are related to the lifeblood of the national economy. Their development status is reviewed, and the problems and shortcomings of China’s livelihood equipment are proposed. The research suggests that intelligent manufacturing should be the major development direction of the livelihood equipment. Specifically, equipment with digital, networked, and intelligent functions should be developed; key components and industrial software should be researched; digital, networked, and intelligent transformation and upgrading of livelihood equipment enterprises should be promoted; and integration with the service industry should be deepened. To ensure and promote the optimization and upgrading of the livelihood equipment in China, the state should make overall plans for supporting policies regarding the livelihood equipment, conduct large-scale technological transformation, build a public platform for technological innovation services for the industry, and strengthen the development and application of domestic equipment and industrial software.
This study focuses on the development of the high-end manufacturing equipment industry in China, represented by machine tools. The machine tool referred to herein includes not only the machine tools in traditional definition, such as lathes, milling machines, planers, drilling machines, boring machines, grinders, and gear making machines, but also additive manufacturing equipment and additive-subtractive hybrid manufacturing equipment. This study analyzes the development trends of the machine tool industry in China and the globe, and then studies the problems existing in China’s machine tool industry. Compared with world’s advanced level, China’s machine tool industry still has weaknesses in (1) basic research and key technologies for ultra-precision machine tools, (2) the machining accuracy and efficiency of large-scale machine tools, (3) the reliability and accuracy retention of the whole machine performance, (4) the research and development of common technologies of the advanced additive manufacturing and hybrid manufacturing equipment, and (5) the level of intelligence of high-end machine tools. Furthermore, we propose the key direction of China’s machine tool industry during the 14th Five-Year Plan and the following five to ten years, and put forward some policy measures for the development of machine tool industry in China, including coordinating national science and technology plans with national policy supporting and evaluation systems, and establishing and strengthening the common technology collaborative innovation system for the high-end manufacturing equipment represented by machine tools.
Technology innovation is becoming a source of power to lead the transition and development of global energy industry. The development of emerging industries in the energy field is rooted in the reality of China’s energy conditions, the major strategic needs of the country, and the demands for innovation-driven energy development. “Emerging energy technologies” herein refer to not only the renewable energy and nuclear energy technologies, but also the ground-breaking or disruptive energy development and utilization technologies, in the areas such as the exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources, the clean and efficient conversion and utilization of fossil fuels, the energy transmission, and the end use of energies. After defining the scope and orientation of the emerging energy technology industry, this paper analyzes the current status and development trends of the emerging energy technology industry in China and abroad. Key areas and technology direction of the emerging energy technology industry toward 2035 are proposed. The guideline, objectives, and key tasks for developing China’s emerging energy technology industry during the 14th Five-Year Plan period are explored in detail. The study proposes to focus on the development of 41 new energy technologies in ten areas, covering advanced coal-fired power generation, unconventional natural gas development, energy Internet and integrated energy services, nuclear energy, wind power, solar photovoltaic power generation, solar thermal power generation, biomass energy, geothermal energy, and hydrogen energy and fuel cells. Meanwhile, nine key scientific and technological projects, one major engineering project of multienergy complementary distributed energy system, and two demonstration zones for emerging energy technology integration and innovation, distributed in Hebei Xiong’an New Area and South China coastal areas, are suggested to be established. Corresponding policy implications are addressed, such as strengthening the top-level design for the development of emerging energy technologies and emerging energy industries, integrating the energy-saving industry into the emerging energy technology industry, and adjusting the “new energy industry” to “emerging energy technology industry” in the national plan of emerging industries.
The fuel bioethanol industry is one of the strategic emerging industries that China focuses on cultivating and developing. Against the background of the country’s deep integration of industrialization and informatization, intelligent and safety production, which can be realized relying on China’s advantages in the Industrial Internet and 5G technology and supported by new technologies such as big data, digital twins, and blockchain, can promote the high-quality development of the fuel bioethanol industry in China. This paper summarizes and analyzes the status and problems of the fuel bioethanol industry, and proposes the general idea for future modes in intelligent production, safety production, and industrial management of the fuel bioethanol industry. The development of the fuel bioethanol industry should be guided at the national strategic level and requires cooperation among the state, local governments, and enterprises, thus to promote the characteristic, joint, and intelligent development of bioethanol industrial bases. The cooperation between industry, universities, and research institutions should be strengthened to innovate production modes and technologies and to promote international competitiveness. Furthermore, key technologies should be developed to realize the production of fuel bioethanol using cellulose-based biomass as the raw material, thereby providing strategic reserves for ensuring national food security.
Digital creative industry is the collective name for the creative content industry and creative manufacturing industry that make effective use of digital technology; it takes science and technology, culture and art as input, and economic value and cultural influence as output. The digital creative industry is identified as one of the national strategic emerging industries for the first time during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, and has played an important role in advancing China’s industrial transformation and upgrading and in prospering the digital economy. This paper aims to study the innovation and development direction of the digital creative industry at a macro level, summarizes the development experiences in China, and discusses the future development of the industry. Through a comparative analysis of the concepts and implications of the digital creative industry in China and abroad, the development characteristics, status, and problems of the digital creative industry in China are systematically sorted out, and the overall development ideas of the industry in China are formed accordingly. Furthermore, four major directions is proposed for the continuous innovation and development of China’s digital creative industry, namely, digital cultural creative technology and equipment innovation, digital cultural content innovation, innovative design, and integrated innovation. Moreover, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward on the development and expansion of the digital creative industry, in terms of scientific and technological research, innovation institutions, platform enterprises, talent training, supervision services, and industrial clusters.
As one of the strategic emerging industries identified in the 13th Five-Year Plan of China, digital creative industry lives in the digital and networked era; it focuses on culture, content, and copyright, and drives the development of surrounding industries through integration and penetration. The key to developing the digital creative industry is digital creative technology and creative design, where, however, China has weaknesses and does not have a clear development path. In this paper, by analyzing industry data, we systematically describe the current development status of digital creative technology in China, including enabling technology, application technology, and end-user device technology, and summarize the problems and weaknesses of China in ultra-high definition (UHD) video, 3D audio, virtual/augmented reality, and software for digital content generation and creative design. Our investigation suggests that it will promote the development of China’s digital creative technology by: (1) establishing national science and technology key projects and national engineering research centers on digital creative technology, (2) improving the quality of talents on digital creative technology, and (3) actively participating international cooperation and increasing the influence of Chinese culture.
With the increase of the requirements for lighting quality, full spectrum light emitting diode (LED) lighting becomes the development hotspot. In this paper, the key materials for full spectrum LED phosphors are discussed and compared in detail. The advantages and disadvantages, research progress, and practical application of various color phosphors excited by violet and near ultraviolet light are emphasized, and then the existing problems, development trend, and industrial direction in this field are analyzed and prospected. Currently, there remain many problems in the phosphors excited by violet and near ultraviolet light, which can be applied in full spectrum. For example, the blue and cyan phosphors take on narrow emission spectrum, low light efficiency, and poor thermal stability; yellow phosphors and far-red phosphors have a low luminous efficiency due to their low absorption of violet or near ultraviolet light; and single matrix white phosphors have insufficient red light emission. Among them, luminous efficiency and thermal stability are the key factors restricting the application of the phosphors. Therefore, it is urgent to research the preparation and application technology of wide spectrum blue, cyan, yellow green, yellow, far-red, and single matrix white phosphors with high light efficiency and thermal stability, and develop the high-efficient and continuous preparation technology of the present phosphor products, to promote the further development of full spectrum LED.
In this paper, the application progress and development of metal matrix composites (MMCs) are reviewed from the perspective of industrialization strategy. The development process of MMCs in China is briefly summarized. The key technological breakthroughs in the main preparation methods of MMCs, such as in-situ synthesis, stirring casting, powder metallurgy, and pressure infiltration, are introduced. Typical engineering application cases of MMCs that promote equipment upgrading are listed. The development trend of MMCs in the next five to ten years is prospected. In view of the challenges posed to material technology by the development of equipment technology in the field of national defense and national economy, the development opportunities and prospects of MMCs in the civil-military dual-use market are analyzed. Moreover, to overcome the deficiency of industrialization technology and industrial environment, development suggestions are put forward, including consolidating national industrialization platforms and talent cultivation bases, increasing national investment, speeding up the construction of standards and database systems, and developing low-cost and high-quality material preparation technology.
This paper proposes the concept of industrial system maturity level, and introduces a new factor, namely, industry security and controllability level (ISCL), which further comprises the autonomous and controllable ability and the industry leading ability. Corresponding assessment criteria and model are also constructed. This method takes into account whether the supply of industrial elements such as technology, equipment, capital, and products are independent. The assessment results can reflect the basic state of a country’s ISCL. In response to the urgent need for macro-research on China’s strategic emerging industries, this study assessed and analyzed the industrial system maturity levels of 25 emerging industry directions. It shows that, among the 25 directions, the industrial systems of only few industrial directions have entered into a developing or mature stage, and most industrial directions got unsatisfactory assessment results for their ISCLs. Specifically, only the industrial system of the battery electric vehicle industry is in the mature stage and has a high ISCL. The ISCLs of light-weight augmented reality display module, biomedical bioreactor and complete equipment, and emergency vaccine research and preparation, are relatively low; and the autonomous and controllable ability as well as the industry leading ability of these three industrial directions are weak. Many emerging industries in China have prominent shortcomings in the ISCL. In the process of accelerating the construction of an independent and controllable modern industrial system, attention should be paid to improving the domestic capital’s control over the core technologies, raw materials, standards, brand, and other elements.
The next 10 to15 years will be a key period for China to accelerate the cultivation and development of emerging industries. The development of green and low-carbon industries, an important task of China’s ecological civilization construction, will face an important period of opportunity. The green and low-carbon emerging industry is represented by emerging energy technologies, energy conservation and environment protection, and new energy vehicles; and there are significate differences in the technical characteristics, scale, and development degree of each subsector. Therefore, research on the corresponding maturity evaluation method is urgently needed. This study first summarizes the basic theory and general method for industry maturity evaluation, then defines the category and definition of green and low-carbon industries, and identifies the characteristics of high-quality development of related industries. Meanwhile, the maturity evaluation model and index system of the green and low-carbon industries are proposed and the calculation method of the industry maturity levels is presented. Moreover, application of the maturity evaluation method of the green and lowcarbon industries is studied, using the biomass cogeneration industry as an example. The analysis shows that this industry is relatively mature, but the development of market maturity level is slower than the progress of engineering science and technology. Furthermore, we suggest that an annual evaluation mechanism for the maturity level of the green and low-carbon industries should be formed, an authoritative institution for publishing the development information of these industries should be established, and the database construction and objective evaluation of China’s emerging industries should be strengthened.
Constructing and improving an innovation ecosystem for emerging industries is vital for success in global competition in the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. This paper takes the additive manufacturing industry as an example. It introduces the development stages of an innovation ecosystem, and analyzes the characteristics from the aspects of science, technology, market, and policy as well as their co-evolution, using multi-source heterogeneous data such as literature, patents, and commerce. The research shows that, with the implementation of innovation policies, the scientific output and technical level of the additive manufacturing industry are gradually improved, and the market size of the industry is also expanded. However, the industrial chain of the additive manufacturing industry is unbalanced in development, the impetus for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is inadequate, and the commercialization level of these achievements is low. Furthermore, to develop the innovation ecosystem for emerging industries, some policy suggestions are proposed, including improving the capability of independent innovation in key links of the industrial chain, to achieve independent and controllable industrial development; accelerating the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, by strengthening science and technology intermediary services and improving the transforming mechanism of scientific and technological achievements; and exploring new application areas, by integrating the emerging industries with traditional industries, thus to achieve leapfrog development.
The analysis of technology convergence process for strategic emerging industries is helpful to deeply understand the generation process and development law of industrial technology, thereby helping master the development trend of the field and promoting the healthy development of the industry. To identify the trajectory and degree of technology convergence of the strategic emerging industries, this study conducts a multi-case study on four fields which present a trend of convergence and attract social attention, namely, high-end equipment manufacturing, new-generation information technology, new medicine, and new energy. This study adopts a knowledge convergence trajectory analysis method based on citation network and text information. It utilizes a graph neural network model and encodes the citation network, title, and abstract of the publications as vectors. Five knowledge convergence trajectories are identified, after analyzing the data of the selected four technical fields. The research results show that information technology and numerical control equipment, biomedicine and solar photovoltaic technology have shown a trend of deep convergence, respectively; and the convergence of the information technology and numerical control equipment is deeper. Numerical control equipment and solar photovoltaic technology, information technology and solar photovoltaic technology have shown a converging trend, respectively; however, the current degree of convergence is still insufficient, due to the late start of convergence. Numerical control equipment and biomedicine have not shown any trend of convergence.
This study aims to explore the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with a view for promoting the top-level design and rapid layout of hospital-orientated AI application, in order to provide a new path for the Healthy China Initiative. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, China has conducted epidemic prevention and control using the strength of the whole country, and simultaneously developed global cooperation by donating medical supplies, sending medical teams, and sharing treatment experience and high technologies. In fighting against the epidemic, the front-line medical staff has obtained valuable experience in medical AI application. AI has played an outstanding role in the anti-epidemic frontline and indicates the urgent and strategic demands for medical AI. After reviewing the medical AI application status and development direction, we suggest that China should make a comprehensive layout of AI application in hospitals nationwide and cultivate a prosperous medical AI ecology, thus to lay a key foundation for future hospital construction in China. To this end, the government should make an overall top-level design for medical AI application and shift forward interventions so as to change the passive situation. It also should scientifically coordinate resources, strengthen hardware construction, improve the databank, and improve the guarantee system for professional teams. Armed with medical AI, hospitals can fight against large-scale acute respiratory infectious diseases with better efficiency.
Real-time and intelligent space-based information service system is a next-generation space-based system that integrates satellite communications, satellite navigation, and satellite remote sensing. It delivers space-based information to civil and military users as required in real time, relying on multi-load integration, multi-satellite collaboration, and interconnection between space and ground networks. This paper first analyzes the strategic requirements for real-time and intelligent space-based information services, then reviews the development status of satellite communications, satellite navigation, and satellite remote sensing in China and abroad, and summarizes the existing problems. Moreover, it expounds the basic concept, objectives, and technical architecture of the real-time and intelligent space-based information service system, and analyzes the relationship between this system and the existing (or planned) space-based information system, thus demonstrating its feasibility for construction. The real-time intelligent space-based information service system can be established through three steps and developed first locally, then regionally, and finally globally. This system should be incorporated into the overall planning for national science and technology development, and be constructed and shared mutually by civil and military parties. During the construction of this system, communicating and integration with existing and planned communications, navigation, and remote sensing satellites as well as with the ground communication systems should be strengthened.
As China’s Beidou satellite navigation system (Beidou system) achieves a primary global coverage, the low earth orbiter navigation augmentation (LEO-NA) technique becomes a hot research topic, since it can easily cooperate with the Beidou system to improve the precision for global autonomous navigation and to extend the application market of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). This paper analyzed the demand for and status of the LEO-NA technique, and focused on the in-orbit validation of key techniques for the “Luojia-1A” satellite. It also studied the challenges faced by the LEO-NA system, including interoperability of signal frequencies after navigation augmentation, integrated design of the communication and navigation signals, control and management of the LEO constellations, acquisition and tracking of the high-dynamic augmented signals, and integration with existing GNSS systems. Considering the pressing demand for the LEO-NA techniques, the following suggestions are proposed, including enhancing the top-level design of the LEO-NA system while focusing on the synergy of the LEO-NA and Beidou systems; promoting the integration of the communications, navigation, and remote sensing functions, and building the space-based real-time service system in a stepwise and stratified manner; and planning and constructing the satellite project and the ground infrastructure in an integrated manner.
The real-time and intelligent space-based information service system is a next-generation space-based information system featuring multi-satellite coordination and multi-network interconnection. It will be widely used in satellite communications, navigation, and remote sensing. To support the top-level design and construction of the real-time and intelligent space-based information service system, this paper studies the modeling simulation and performance evaluation of the system, and analyzes the necessity, requirements, and development trends of system simulation and evaluation. The key technologies such as scalable and efficient distributed simulation, spatial-temporal dynamic evaluation, and systematic modeling are discussed, considering the characteristics of the system, such as dynamic time-varying, diverse business, and heterogeneity. Based on the design of the distributed simulation and evaluation system, the transmission support capabilities of different low-orbit communication satellite systems are compared and evaluated, taking high-resolution remote sensing as an example. The results show that during the remote sensing data transmission process, the OneWeb satellite constellation has smaller delay, less packet loss, and higher capacity and stability, owing to its dense coverage; however, its capacity per satellite is inferior to that of the Hongyun satellite constellation which has a smaller coverage density. This study can provide technical supports for the feasibility evaluation and construction of the real-time and intelligent space-based information service system.