Construction of a drought-alleviating synthetic community from native core rhizosphere microbiota in long-term dryland wheat fields and its growth-promoting effects

Abstract

Drought limits wheat production in dryland agroecosystems, yet native rhizosphere bacteria that improve drought tolerance under long-term field management remain insufficiently explored. We integrated high-throughput sequencing, co-occurrence network analysis, and culture-dependent isolation in a 20-year dryland field experiment with different nitrogen (N) addition and wheat genotypes to identify native culturable core bacteria and develop a drought-alleviating synthetic community (SynCom). N addition and wheat genotype altered the abundance of specific bacterial taxa, whereas treatment-driven differences in overall community structure were not detectable at the present replication level. N addition increased network complexity and reshaped bacterial co-occurrence patterns. By integrating 3320 shared ASVs, 597 keystone nodes, and 115 cultured isolates, we identified a culturable core microbiota comprising 9 ASVs. Four compatible strains (Pseudomonas piscicola, Curtobacterium allii, Acinetobacter oryzae, and Peribacillus frigoritolerans) enriched in drought-tolerant wheat were assembled into a SynCom. SynCom inoculation enhanced growth of drought-sensitive wheat seedlings across a simulated drought gradient, increasing root length by 113%−136%, belowground fresh weight by 93%−149%, and total dry weight by 31.75%−45.16%. These results support a microbiome-based strategy for improving wheat drought tolerance under controlled drought-simulation conditions.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

native core microbiota / dryland wheat / drought tolerance / synthetic microbial community

Highlight

	● N input reshapes rhizosphere bacterial networks in long-term dryland wheat fields.
	● Integrating shared taxa, keystone nodes, and isolated strains yields the core microbiota.
	● Four native core strains are assembled into a simplified synthetic microbial community.
	● Core-based community confers wheat drought resistance through growth promotion.

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