Response patterns of soil protist communities to long-term nitrogen addition and increased precipitation

Abstract

Since the 19th century, human-induced nitrogen deposition and increased precipitation have become important features of global change. Protists, as consumers, play a crucial role in the microbial food web, yet our understanding of their reactions to nitrogen deposition and increased precipitation remains limited. Through a 13-year field simulation experiment, this study reveals the response patterns of soil protist communities to nitrogen addition and increased precipitation. The results showed that increased precipitation had no significant effect on the α-diversity of the protist community, but significantly influenced the protist community structure. Moreover, soil water content was the key factor driving the protist community structure. In contrast, although the α-diversity and community structure of the protist community remained stable under nitrogen addition, it significantly altered the abundance patterns of key protistan genera, particularly Monocystis and Gonostomum. Notably, increased precipitation alone reduced network complexity and interaction strength, while nitrogen addition effectively alleviated this negative effect. Overall, our findings confirm that the protist community is more sensitive to increased precipitation than to nitrogen addition. Moreover, under the scenarios of nitrogen addition and increased precipitation, species coexistence increased while network stability decreased, highlighting the importance of considering interactive effects in predicting belowground ecosystem functioning.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

nitrogen addition / increased precipitation / interaction / protist community

Highlight

	● Protist response to long-term nitrogen and precipitation changes was unknown.
	● 13-year field experiment reveals novel climate change impacts on soil protists.
	● Precipitation restructures protists; nitrogen alters key genera abundance.
	● Protist networks become vulnerable under combined nitrogen and precipitation increase.

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