Warming and increased precipitation synergy undermines soil multifunctionality through enhanced bacterial–fungal competition in semi-arid grasslands

Abstract

Soil microbial communities play a crucial role in maintaining multiple soil functions in terrestrial ecosystems. However, evidence linking soil microbial communities to soil multifunctionality under warming and precipitation changes remains limited. In this study, we conducted a three-year climate change experiment in a semi-arid grassland to explore the effects of warming (using open top chambers) and precipitation change (increased or decreased by 40%), as well as their interactive effects on soil microbial communities and multifunctionality. Our results indicated that the impacts of climate change became more pronounced in the third year compared to the first year after the experimental treatments were initiated. In addition, warming amplified the negative effects on soil microbial diversity, interactions, and multifunctionality under increased precipitation. Notably, the combination of warming and increased precipitation negatively impaired soil multifunctionality by intensifying competition between bacteria and fungi. Our results show that the structure of soil microbial communities, network complexity, and multifunctionality were more sensitive under the concurrence of warming and increased precipitation in semi-arid grasslands, due to their long-term adaptive mechanisms to dry environments. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate the interactions among soil microbes into future predictions of soil multifunctionality under complex climate change scenarios in semi-arid grasslands.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

soil multifunctionality / microbial network complexity / bacterial–fungal competition / soil microbial interactions / warming and precipitation change

Highlight

	● Bacterial and fungal responded differently to warming and precipitation change.
	● Warming amplifies the negative effects of precipitation on both bacteria and fungi.
	● Warming and humidification intensify competition between bacteria and fungi.
	● Enhanced bacteria and fungi competition impair soil multifunctionality.

References

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