Contrasting patterns of protists on accumulation of fungal and bacterial necromass in arable soil: Result of a long-term field experiment

Abstract

Microbial necromass plays a crucial role in soil organic carbon (SOC) formation. However, underlying abiotic and biotic factors on necromass accumulation remain poorly understood. Here, based on a 27-year field fertilization experiment in upland Ultisols, we investigated how changes in fungal and bacterial necromass relate to the abundance, diversity, community structure, and trophic co-occurrence networks of microbial communities, including fungi, bacteria, and protists. Fungal necromass contributed an average of 32.4% to SOC, a greater contribution than the 14.6% from bacterial necromass, regardless of fertilization regimes. Modularity analysis of the protistan-fungal network indicated that Ascomycota fungi were the primary contributors to fungal necromass accumulation in arable soil. The protistan community structure had a significantly negative effect on fungal necromass by directly decomposing fungal residues, rather than altering the fungal community structure. In contrast, soil total nitrogen positively influenced the persistence of bacterial necromass. Bacterial abundance was positively correlated with bacterial necromass. Protists increased bacterial abundance, thereby increasing bacterial necromass in the soil. Overall, protists regulated microbial necromass storage in arable soils either by decomposing fungal necromass or by increasing bacterial abundance.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

microbial necromass / fungi / bacteria / protists / trophic interactions

Highlight

	● The Ascomycota played a major role in fungal necromass formation in soil.
	● Protists reduced fungal necromass while promoting bacterial ncromass accumulation.
	● Soil total nitrogen substantially decided the persistence of bacterial necromass in soil.

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