Microecological mechanism behind the alleviation of common bean root rot disease following seven continuous cropping cycles

Abstract

Common bean root rot becomes serious in continuous cropping fields with over-application of chemical fertilizer. Through the standard field fertilization, the disease might be alleviated. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of standard field fertilization practices on bean root rot severity and rhizosphere microbial community shifts under continuous cropping. From 2018 to 2021, beans were monocultured for eight cycles in field soil in the greenhouse at an average interval of 4 months. Root rot severity was assessed at each cycle, and rhizosphere microbial communities were analyzed at 1^st, 5^th, and 7^th cycles using high-throughput sequencing approach. Bean root rot severity was found to keep increasing until the 5^th cycle and decreased sharply at the 7^th cycle. Corresponding to the disease aggravation and suppression, Fusarium exhibited the highest abundance at the 1^st cycle, followed by Plectosphaerella at the 5^th cycle, and Dactylonectria at the 7^th cycle. Pseudomonas showed the highest abundance in the rhizosphere soils at the 1^st and 7^th cropping cycles. Correlation analysis indicated that the soil microbes were closely related to disease severity as well as soil nitrogen and phosphorus contents. These findings suggest that continuous cropping of bean with standard field fertilization practices could create suppressive soil with reduced disease severity. This study revealed the microecological immune mechanism of continuous cropping of bean against root rot and provided cost-effective and highly efficient techniques for sustainable farming.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

continuous cropping / rhizosphere soil / standard field fertilization / common bean root rot / soil microorganism

Highlight

	● Monoculture with standard field fertilization promotes the formation of soil immunity.
	● Pseudomonas negatively correlated to the disease severity of common bean root rot.
	● The dominant pathogenic fungi shifted with the cropping cycle and disease severity.

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