Effects of nitrification inhibitor and maize straw application on N₂O and N₂ emissions from two agricultural soils: A ¹⁵N tracer study

Abstract

The application of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) and crop straw with nitrogen (N) fertilizers is a common practice aimed at enhancing soil N conservation and improving crop N use. However, their effects on gaseous N emissions from soils, particularly for N₂, are less understood. We conducted a 60-day soil incubation experiment under controlled conditions (80% water-filled pore space and 25°C) to investigate the effects of NI or maize straw application on N₂O and N₂ emissions from two typical upland soils: a Mollisol and an Inceptisol, which have contrasting pH values. Both soils were fertilized with ¹⁵N-labeled urea. During the incubation period, cumulative N₂O and N₂ emissions for the urea-only treatment in the Mollisol were 0.5 and 12 mg N kg^‒1 soil, respectively, while emissions in the Inceptisol reached 15 and 176 mg N kg^‒1. The application of NI (dicyandiamide) reduced N₂O emissions by 66%‒72% in both soils and decreased N₂ emissions by 81% in the Inceptisol, although it increased N₂ emissions by 15% in the Mollisol. Straw application also reduced N₂O emissions by 60% in the Mollisol and by 4% in the Inceptisol, but it increased N₂ emissions by 75%‒96% in both soils. Notably, the increased N₂ emissions following straw incorporation were primarily soil-derived rather than fertilizer-derived in both soils. These findings reveal that the applications of NIs or straw have varying impacts on N₂O and N₂ emissions across different soils, and that NI application could be a promising strategy to reduce high gaseous N losses in Inceptisol following N fertilization.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

nitrous oxide (N ₂O) / dinitrogen (N ₂) / nitrification inhibitor / straw application / upland soils

Highlight

	● N2O and N2 emissions from two soils after urea addition were quantified in the lab.
	● The Inceptisol (alkaline) emitted much more N2O and N2 than the Mollisol (acidic).
	● NI application mitigated N2O emissions in both soils but differed on N2 emission.
	● Straw application mitigated N2O emissions in Mollisol but had little effects on N2 emissions.

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