Fine root litter quality regulates soil carbon storage efficiency in subtropical forest soils

Abstract

● High-quality and low-quality root litter had contrasting patterns of mass loss.

● Greater litter-derived C was incorporated into soils under high-quality root litter.

● Root litter decay rate or litter-derived C were related to soil microbial diversity.

● Root litter quality had little effect on soil physicochemical properties.

● High root litter quality was the main driver of enhanced soil C storage efficiency.

Decomposing root litter is a major contributor to soil carbon (C) storage in forest soils. During decomposition, the quality of root litter could play a critical role in soil C storage. However, it is unclear whether root litter quality influences soil C storage efficiency. We conducted a two-year greenhouse decomposition experiment using ¹³C-labeled fine root litter of two tree species to investigate how root litter quality, represented by C to nitrogen (C/N) ratios, regulates decomposition and C storage efficiency in subtropical forest soils in China. ‘High-quality’ root litter (C/N ratio = 26) decayed faster during the first year (0−410 days), whereas ‘low-quality’ root litter (C/N ratio = 46) decomposed faster toward the end of the two-year period (598−767 days). However, over the two years of the study, mass loss from high-quality root litter (29.14 ± 1.42%) was lower than ‘low-quality’ root litter (33.01 ± 0.54%). Nonetheless, root litter C storage efficiency (i.e., the ratio of new root litter-derived soil C to total mineralized root litter C) was significantly greater for high-quality root litter, with twice as much litter-derived C stored in soils compared to low-quality root litter at the end of the experiment. Root litter quality likely influenced soil C storage via changes in microbial diversity, as the decomposition of high-quality litter declined with increasing bacterial diversity, whereas the amount of litter-derived soil C from low-quality litter increased with fungal diversity. Our results thus reveal that root litter quality mediates decomposition and C storage in subtropical forest soils in China and future work should consider the links between root litter quality and soil microbial diversity.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

fine root litter quality / root litter decomposition / litter carbon storage efficiency / soil organic carbon accumulation / subtropical forest

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