Erosion effects on soil microbial carbon use efficiency in the mollisol cropland in northeast China

Highlights

● Soil erosion decreased soil microbial CUE and increased microbial uptake of carbon.

● Soil erosion decreased microbial CUE by decreasing substrate C, N and MBC and increasing soil pH.

● Soil microbes had to increase their uptake rate to cope with the loss of substrates with increasing erosion rate.

● Soil microbial respiration increased with increasing degree of erosion.

● Soil microbial growth rate remained relative stable under different degrees of soil erosion.

● Microbial CUE in soil surface was less responsive to erosion than that in deeper soil.

Abstract

Soil microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is an important synthetic parameter of microbial community metabolism and is commonly used to quantify the partitioning of carbon (C) between microbial growth and respiration. However, it remains unclear how microbial CUE responds to different degrees of soil erosion in mollisol cropland. Therefore, we investigated the responses of soil erosion on microbial CUE, growth and respiration to different soil erosion rates in a mollisol cropland in northeast China based on a substrate independent method (¹⁸O-H₂O labeling). Soils were sampled at four positions along a down-slope transect: summit, shoulder, back and foot. We found microbial CUE decreased significantly with increasing soil erosion rate in 5−20 cm soil, but did not change in 0−5 cm. The decrease of microbial CUE in subsoil was because microbes increased C uptake and allocated higher uptake C to microbial basal respiration with increasing soil erosion rate. Microbial respiration increased significantly with soil erosion rate, probably due to the more disturbance and unbalanced stoichiometry. Furthermore, soil microbes in surface soil were able to maintain their growth rates with increasing degree of erosion. Altogether, our results indicated that soil erosion could decrease microbial CUE by affecting soil physical and chemical properties, resulting in more decomposition of soil organic matter and more soil respiration, which had negative feedbacks to soil C sequestration and climate changes in cropland soil.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

soil organic carbon / soil erosion / microbial carbon use efficiency / growth rate / respiration

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFF1300501) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41971058).

Author contributions

Edith Bai, Tianyu Zhang and Xuebing Zhang designed the research. Edith Bai and Xuebing Zhang jointly wrote the manuscript. Edith Bai, Xuebing Zhang and Guangting Pei jointly analyzed the data. Tianyu Zhang, Xianlei Fan and Ziping Liu performed experiments and conducted fieldwork.

Competing financial interests

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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