Soil microbes-mediated enzymes promoted the secondary succession in post-mining plantations on the Loess Plateau, China

Highlights

● Vegetation restoration of monoculture is not satisfactory in mining land.

● Native plants accelerated vegetation restoration and soil nutrient accumulation.

● Microbial enzymes boosted the initially slow nutritional metabolism of plantations.

● Soil microbial enzymes promoted positive succession of ecosystems.

Abstract

The diversity of vegetation configuration is the key to ecological restoration in open-pit coal mine dump. However, the recovery outcomes of different areas with the same vegetation assemblage pattern are completely different after long-term evolution. Therefore, understanding the causes of differential vegetation recovery and the mechanism of plant succession is of great significance to the ecological restoration of mines. Three Pinus tabulaeformis plantations with similar initial site conditions and restoration measures but with different secondary succession processes were selected from the open-pit coal mine dump that has been restored for 30 years. Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, vegetation and microbial features were investigated, while the structural equation models were established to explore the interactions between plants, soil and microbes. The results showed that original vegetation configuration and soil nutrient conditions were altered due to secondary succession. With the advancement of the secondary succession process, the coverage of plants increased from 34.8% to 95.5% (P < 0.05), soil organic matter increased from 9.30 g kg ⁻¹ to 21.13 g kg⁻¹ (P < 0.05), and total nitrogen increased from 0.38 g kg ⁻¹ to 1.01 g kg⁻¹ (P < 0.05). The activities of soil urease and β-glucosidase were increased by 1.7-fold and 53.26%, respectively. Besides, the secondary succession also changed the soil microbial community structure and function. The relative abundance of Nitrospira genus which dominates the nitrification increased 5.2-fold. The results showed that urease and β-glucosidase promoted the increase of vegetation diversity and biomass by promoting the accumulation of soil organic matter and nitrate nitrogen, which promoted the ecological restoration of mine dumps.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Soil microbes / Secondary succession / Pinus tabulaeformis / Soil enzyme / Ecological restoration

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41807515, 41907405, and 51974313), and the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. KYCX21-2118). We would like to thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Electronic supplementary material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-022-0148-0. The names of the repositories and accession numbers can be found below: NCBI (accession: PRJNA725677, PRJNA725679).

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