Influencing factors and partitioning methods of carbonate contribution to CO₂ emissions from calcareous soils

Abstract

● This study reviewed the contribution of carbonates to soil CO₂ emissions.

● The contribution was on average 27% in calcareous soils.

● The contribution was affected by both biotic and abiotic factors.

● We proposed a new method of distinguishing three CO₂ sources from calcareous soils.

In calcareous soils, recent studies have shown that soil-derived CO₂ originates from both soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) dissolution, a fact often ignored in earlier studies. This may lead to overestimation of the CO₂ emissions from SOC decomposition. In calcareous soils, there is a chemical balance between precipitation and dissolution of CaCO₃-CO₂- {\text{HCO}}_{\text{3}}^{\text{–}}, which is affected by soil environmental factors (moisture, temperature, pH and depth), root growth (rhizosphere effect) and agricultural measures (organic materials input, nitrogen fertilization and straw removal). In this paper, we first introduced the contribution of SIC dissolution to CO₂ emissions from calcareous soils and their driving factors. Second, we reviewed the methods to distinguish two CO₂ sources released from calcareous soils and quantify the ¹³C fractionation coefficient between SIC and SIC-derived CO₂ and between SOC and SOC-derived CO₂, and to partition three CO₂ sources released from soils with plants and organic materials input. Finally, we proposed methods for accurately distinguishing three CO₂ sources released from calcareous soils. This review helps to improve the accuracy of soil C balance assessment in calcareous soils, and also proposes the direction of further investigations on SIC-derived CO₂ emissions responses to abiotic factors and agricultural measures.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

rhizosphere effect / soil organic carbon / soil inorganic carbon / three-source CO ₂ partitioning / ¹³C isotope

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