Influences of sample storage and grinding on the extraction of soil amino sugars

Abstract

Soil amino sugars have been widely used to evaluate the potential roles of microbes in mediating soil carbon (C) cycling and various pretreatment methods were used for its extraction. However, few studies assessed their potential influences on the soil amino sugar extraction. In this study, we investigated the effects of sample storage method and grinding on amino sugar extraction across different climatic zone and land uses. Results showed that the concentrations of soil amino sugars varied greatly among sample pretreatments and their impacts were highly dependent on climatic condition and land use. Specifically, higher concentrations of amino sugars were extracted from field-moist samples than dried samples in subtropical grassland, temperate forest and arable land with no significant differences among storage methods for the samples from subtropical forest, arable land, and temperate grassland. Moreover, grinding improved the extraction efficiency of amino sugars for the dried soils. Due to the reduced extraction concentration in dried soils, field-moist samples were recommended in priority. For the dried soils used for the long-term storage, grinding can be an option to improve the extraction efficiency. Such information will be valuable for reducing the uncertainty and improving the accuracy during the determination of soil amino sugars.

Keywords

Amino sugars / Sample storage / Grinding / Climate / Land use

References

[1] Amelung, W., Lobe, I., Preez, C.C.D., 2002. Fate of microbial residues in sandy soils of the South African Highveld as influenced by prolonged arable cropping. European Journal of Soil Science 53, 29–35

[2] Amelung, W., Miltner, A., Zhang, X., Zech, W., 2001. Fate of microbial residues during litter decomposition as affected by minerals. Soil Science 166, 598–606

[3] Amelung, W., Zhang, X., Flach, K.W., Zech, W., 1999. Amino sugars in native grassland soils along a climosequence in North America. Soil Science Society of America Journal 63, 86–92

[4] Andres Abellan, M., Wic Baena, C., Garcia Morote, F.A., Picazo Cordoba, M.I., Candel Perez, D., Lucas-Borja, M.E., 2011. Influence of the soil storage method on soil enzymatic activities in Mediterranean forest soils. Forest Systems 20, 379–388

[5] Appuhn, A., Joergensen, R.G., 2006. Microbial colonization of roots as a function of plant species. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 38, 1040–1051

[6] Appuhn, A., Joergensen, R.G., Raubuch, M., Scheller, E., Wilke, B., 2004. The automated determination of glucosamine, galactosamine, muramic acid, and mannosamine in soil and root hydrolysates by HPLC. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 167, 17–21

[7] De Nobili, M., Contin, M., Brookes, P.C., 2006. Microbial biomass dynamics in recently air dried and rewetted soils compared to others stored air-dry for up to 103 years. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 38, 2871–2881

[8] Deacon, L.J., Grinev, D.V., Crawford, J.W., Harris, J., Ritz, K., Young, I.M., 2008. Simultaneous preservation of soil structural properties and phospholipid profiles: A comparison of three drying techniques. Pedosphere 18, 284–287

[9] Ding, X., Qiao, Y., Filley, T., Wang, H., Lü, X., Zhang, B., Wang, J., 2017. Long-term changes in land use impact the accumulation of microbial residues in the particle-size fractions of a Mollisol. Biology and Fertility of Soils 53, 281–286

[10] Indorf, C., Dyckmans, J., Khan, K.S., Joergensen, R.G., 2011. Optimization of amino sugar quantification by HPLC in soil and plant hydrolysates. Biology and Fertility of Soils 47, 387–396

[11] Joergensen, R.G., 2018. Amino sugars as specific indices for fungal and bacterial residues in soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 54, 559–568

[12] Joergensen, R.G., Meyer, B., 1990. Chemical change in organic matter decomposing in and on a forest Rendzina under beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Journal of Soil Science 41, 17–27

[13] Khan, K.S., Mack, R., Castillo, X., Kaiser, M., Joergensen, R.G., 2016. Microbial biomass, fungal and bacterial residues, and their relationships to the soil organic matter C/N/P/S ratios. Geoderma 271, 115–123

[14] Lauer, F., Kösters, R., du Preez, C.C., Amelung, W., 2011. Microbial residues as indicators of soil restoration in South African secondary pastures. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 43, 787–794

[15] Liu, X., Zhou, F., Hu, G., Shao, S., He, H., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Li, L., 2019. Dynamic contribution of microbial residues to soil organic matter accumulation influenced by maize straw mulching. Geoderma 333, 35–42

[16] Mimmo, T., Ghizzi, M., Marzadori, C., Gessa, C.E., 2008. Organic acid extraction from rhizosphere soil: effect of field-moist, dried and frozen samples. Plant and Soil 312, 175–184

[17] Mondini, C., Contin, M., Leita, L., De Nobili, M., 2002. Response of microbial to air-drying and rewetting in soils and compost. Geoderma 105, 111–124

[18] Moritz, L.K., Liang, C., Wagai, R., Kitayama, K., Balser, T.C., 2008. Vertical distribution and pools of microbial residues in tropical forest soils formed from distinct parent materials. Biogeochemistry 92, 83–94

[19] Murugan, R., Djukic, I., Keiblinger, K., Zehetner, F., Bierbaumer, M., Zechmeister-Bolternstern, S., Joergernsen, R.G., 2019. Spatial distribution of microbial biomass and residues across soil aggregate fractions at different elevations in the Central Austrian Alps. Geoderma 339, 1–8

[20] Peltovuori, T., Soinne, H., 2005. Phosphorus solubility and sorption in frozen, air-dried and field-moist soil. European Journal of Soil Science 56, 821–826

[21] Roberts, P., Jones, D.L., 2012. Microbial and plant uptake of free amino sugars in grassland soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 49, 139–149

[22] Schulten, H.R., Schnitzer, M., 1997. The chemistry of soil organic nitrogen: a review. Biology and Fertility of Soils 26, 1–15

[23] Shao, P., Liang, C., Lynch, L., Xie, H., Bao, X., 2019. Reforestation accelerates soil organic carbon accumulation: Evidence from microbial biomarkers. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 131, 182–190

[24] Shao, S., Zhao, Y., Zhang, W., Hu, G., Xie, H., Yan, J., Han, S., He, H., Zhang, X., 2017. Linkage of microbial residue dynamics with soil organic carbon accumulation during subtropical forest succession. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 114, 114–120

[25] Stenberg, B., Johansson, M., Pell, M., Sjodahl, S., Stenstrom, J., Torstensson, L., 1998. Microbial biomass and activities in soil as affected by frozen and cold storage. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 3, 393–402

[26] Trabue, S.L., Palmquist, D.E., Lydick, T.M., Singles, S.K., 2006. Effects of soil storage on the microbial community and degradation of metsulfuron-methyl. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54, 142–151

[27] Yang, J., Ma, X., Tang, G., Wang, Z., Xu, Y., 2015. Effects of particle size and leaching solution concentration on the analytical methods of soil dissolved organic carbon. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences 52, 151–156. (in Chinese)

[28] Yoshikura, J., Hayano, K., Tsuru, S., 1980. Effects of drying and preservation on Beta-Glucosidases in soil. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 26, 37–42

[29] Zhang, X., Amelung, W., 1996. Gas chromatographic determination of muramic acid, glucosamine, mannosamine, and galactosamine in soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 28, 1201–1206

[30] Zornoza, R., Guerrero, C., Mataix, S.J., Arcenegui, V., García, F., Mataix, B.J., 2006. Assessing air-drying and rewetting pre-treatment effect on some enzyme activities under Mediterranean conditions. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 38, 2125–2134

Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Lujun Li, Dr. Chao Wang and Mr. Dongbo Wang for their assistance in sample collection. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41771278, 41571249 and U1701246), Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Grant No. GML2019ZD0408), Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou City (Grant No. 201707010344), Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (Grant No.SKLLQG1917) and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2020 Higher Education Press