Improved rhizoremediation for decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in E-waste contaminated soils

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to improve rhizoremediation for decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) contaminated soil from typical E-waste dismantling areas. Plants of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) were cultivated in aged-contaminated (initial concentration of 346.3 µg BDE-209·kg⁻¹) and freshly-spiked (initial concentration of 3127 µg BDE-209·kg⁻¹) soils, coupling with the agricultural modification strategies of compost addition and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) infection, respectively. 60 days’ growth of ryegrass significantly facilitated the dissipation of BDE-209, with the most effective in its rhizosphere in treatment inoculated with AMF; the BDE-209 dissipation rates achieved 51.9% and 22.8% in rhizosphere, and 43.5% and 19.8% in non-rhizosphere, for aged-contaminated and freshly-spiked soils, respectively. 120 days’ growth of rice with simultaneous inoculation of AMF and addition of compost was the most effective in facilitating BDE-209 dissipation in aged-contaminated soil, with the removal rates of 53.3% and 48.1% in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils respectively; while for freshly-spiked soils, the most effective removal was achieved by compost addition only, with the BDE-209 dissipation rates of 27.9% and 26.6% in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, respectively. High throughput sequencing analysis of rhizosphere soil DNA showed that responses in microbial communities and their structure differed with plant species, soil pollution dose, AMF inoculation and/or compost addition. Actinomycetales, Xanthomonadales, Burkholderiales, Sphingomonadales, Clostridiales, Cytophagales, Gemmatimonadales and Saprospirales were the sensitive responders and even possibly potential functional microbial groups during the facilitated removal of BDE-209 in soils. This study illustrates an effective rhizoremediation pattern for removal of BDE-209 in pollution soils, through successive cultivation of rice and followed by ryegrass, with rice growth coupled with AMF inoculation and compost addition, while ryegrass growth coupled with AMF inoculation only.

Keywords

Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) / Rhizoremediation / Ryegrass / rice / Compost / Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

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Acknowledgments

This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41721001, 41771269, 41322006), and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0800207).

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2019 Higher Education Press