P53 and anti-p53 autoantibody complex versus anti-p53 antibody as a biomarker for gastrointestinal cancer

Abstract

Gastrointestinal tract cancer is among the most common types of cancer and includes colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC). Early tumor detection has been shown to reduce cancer-associated mortality, emphasizing the significance of regular screening. In this regard, blood-based tumor markers have gained popularity in cancer management. The purpose of this research was to examine the potential association between serum p53 antibodies and malignant tumors. A case–control study was conducted, including 37 GC samples, 53 CRC samples, and 62 healthy control samples. Serum levels of p53 antibodies were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that the concentration of anti-p53 antibodies in GC samples was 2.35 ng/mL, significantly (p-value <.001) lower than the 9.24 ng/mL observed in the healthy control group. Similarly, the concentration of anti-p53 antibodies in CRC samples was 4.14 ng/mL, which was significantly lower than the 9.31 ng/mL found in the healthy control group (p-value <.001). These findings strongly suggest an association between the level of serum p53 antibodies and an elevated risk of cancer, implying their potential role as an early serological marker for the diagnosis of malignant tumors. However, it is important to note that measuring anti-p53 antibodies alone may not be clinically effective in distinguishing CRC and/or GC from healthy controls. Further research and a comprehensive approach would be necessary for more accurate diagnostic outcomes.

Keywords

anti-p53 antibody / biomarkers / colorectal cancer / ELISA / gastric cancer / p53

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RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2025 The Author(s). Precision Medical Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital.