Sedimentary characteristics and lithofacies paleogeography of the Cambrian in Sichuan basin, Southwest China

Abstract

Cambrian in Sichuan basin developed thick black shale, varies carbonate and clastic rock, which deposited in different sedimentary environment. Sichuan basin in the upper Yangtze platform contained a record of environment during the Cambrian. Detail facies analyses of Cambrian enable us to discuss the sedimentary environment and palaeogeographic setting. Sedimentation commenced in the Early Cambrian with the deposition of shelf facies (Qiongzhusi Formation and Canglangpu Formation). At this stage, thick shale and clastic rock deposited in Sichuan basin. At the end of the Early Cambrian, a carbonate platform developed in upper Yangtze platform, and Sichuan basin was located in restricted platform (Longwangmiao Formation). In the Middle Cambrian, tidal flat and restricted platform developed in Sichuan basin (Douposi Formation), because of continuous regression. During the Late Cambrian, Sichuan basin was located in carbonate platform again (Xixiangchi Formation). There are three types of sedimentary system in the Cambrian of Sichuan basin: clastic sedimentary system, clastics-carbonate mixed sedimentary system and carbonate sedimentary system. Vertically, the basin shows the evolutionary character of clastic-carbonate sedimentary systems. The three sedimentary systems correspond to three “transgression-regression” cycles of the Cambrian. The transgression in the initial period of the Early Cambrian led to the formation of clastic sedimentary system in the Qiongzhusi Formation of Lower Cambrian. The transgression in the later period of the Early Cambrian led to the formation of clastic-carbonate mixed sedimentary system in the Middle-Lower Cambrian. The transgression in the initial period of the Late Cambrian led to the formation of carbonate sedimentary system in the Xixiangchi Formation of Upper Cambrian. With the end of Late Sinian continental rifting ended, Sichuan basin entered a stable evolutionary stage of the craton basin, while the paleo-land developed in the north and southwest. In Qiongzhusi-Canglangpu period, the basin developed onshore-shelf sedimentary facies from west to east; In Longwangmiao-Xixiangchi period, the basin developed tidal flat-platform-slope sedimentary facies from west to east.

Keywords

Sichuan basin / Cambrian / Sedimentary characteristics / Lithofacies paleogeography

Credit author statement

Lin Xie: Writing-original draft, Methodology, Investigation. Xuefei Yang: Conceptualization, Supervision, Data curation, Validation. Yanhong Zhang: Investigation, Visualization. Yan Xu: Investigation, Visualization, Formal analysis. Deming Zeng: Investigation, Visualization, Formal analysis. Ruifeng Tang: Resources, Investigation. Yao Du: Resources, Investigation. Xingzhi Wang: Project administration.

Declaration of competing interest

No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript, and manuscript is approved by all authors for publication.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the PetroChina Innovation Foundation (No. 2018D-5007-0105), National Natural Science Foundation of China (42102193), Open Experiment Funding of Southwest Petroleum University (2021KSZ02008 and 2021KSP02031).

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