CO₂ corrosion behaviors of 13Cr steel in the high-temperature steam environment

Abstract

The study aims to explore the corrosion behaviors of 13Cr steel in the high-temperature steam environment. The corrosion behaviors of 13Cr steel were tested in CO₂ auxiliary steam drive environment simulated with the HTHP autoclave. The corrosion morphology and product composition were explored by SEM, EDS, XRD and XPS. The exploration results showed the corrosion rate of 13Cr steel in the high-temperature steam environment was less than 0.04 mm/a. The corrosion behaviors of 13Cr steel were mainly affected by temperature and chloride ion concentration. Temperature inhibited steam condensation and the compactness of Cr-rich layer. With the increase in temperature, more droplets were adsorbed on the surface of 13Cr steel and the compactness of the Cr-rich layer is worse. Chloride ions affects the activity of Fe atoms in the metal matrix. When chloride concentration increased, Fe²⁺ concentration in the solution and FeCO₃ content in the rich-Cr layer were increased and the rich-Cr layer became looser.

Keywords

CO₂ auxiliary steam drive / Temperature / Cl⁻ concentration / Corrosion / 13Cr steel

Acknowledgements

The research was financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (Grant No. 2016ZX05012-001).

References

[1] D. Zeng, B. Dong, S. Shi, J. Pan, L. Cai, Effects of temperature on corrosion of N80 and 3Cr steels in the simulated CO₂ auxiliary steam drive environment, Arabian J. Sci. Eng. (2018).

[2] A. Kamari, A. Hemmati-Sarapardeh, A.H. Mohammadi, H. Hashemi-Kiasari, E. Mohagheghian, On the evaluation of Fast-SAGD process in naturally fractured heavy oil reservoir, Fuel 143 (2015) 155-164.

[3] R.T. Okwen, M.T. Stewart, J.A. Cunningham, Temporal variations in near-wellbore pressures during CO₂ injection in saline aquifers, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Cont. 5 (2011) 1140-1148.

[4] J. Zhao, G. Chen, The synergistic inhibition effect of oleic-based imidazoline and sodium benzoate on mild steel corrosion in a CO2-saturated brine solution, Electrochim. Acta 69 (2012) 247-255.

[5] S.D. Zhu, A.Q. Fu, J. Miao, Z.F. Yin, G.S. Zhou, J.F. Wei, Corrosion of N80 carbon steel in oil field formation water containing CO₂ in the absence and presence of acetic acid, Corrosion Sci. 53 (2011) 3156-3165.

[6] L.M. Tavares, E.M.D. Costa, J.J.D.O. Andrade, R. Hubler, B. Huet, Effect of calcium carbonate on low carbon steel corrosion behavior in saline CO₂ high pressure environments, Appl. Surf. Sci. 359 (2015) 143-152.

[7] Y. Zhang, X. Pang, S. Qu, et al., Discussion of the CO₂ corrosion mechanism between low partial pressure and supercritical condition, Corrosion Sci. 59 (2012) 186-197.

[8] X. Lin, W. Liu, F. Wu, et al., Effect of O 2 on corrosion of 3Cr steel in high temperature and high pressure CO2-O2 environment, Appl. Surf. Sci. 329 (2015) 104-115.

[9] X. Li, Y. Zhao, W. Qi, et al., Effect of extremely aggressive environment on the nature of corrosion scales of HP-13Cr stainless steel, Appl. Surf. Sci. 469 (2019) 146-161.

[10] L. Xu, W. Bei, J. Zhu, L. Wei, Z. Zheng, Effect of Cr content on the corrosion performance of low-Cr alloy steel in a CO₂ environment, Appl. Surf. Sci. 379 (2016) 39-46.

[11] Y. Hua, R. Jonnalagadda, L. Zhang, A. Neville, R. Barker, Assessment of general and localized corrosion behavior of X65 and 13Cr steels in water-saturated supercritical CO₂ environments with SO2/O2, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Cont. 64 (2017) 126-136.

[12] G. Cui, Z. Yang, J. Liu, Z. Li, A comprehensive review of metal corrosion in a supercritical CO₂ environment, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Cont. 90 (2019) 102814.

[13] X. Li, Y. Zhao, W. Qi, J. Xie, J. Wang, B. Liu, G. Zeng, T. Zhang, F. Wang, Effect of extremely aggressive environment on the nature of corrosion scales of HP-13Cr stainless steel, Appl. Surf. Sci. 469 (2019) 146-161.

[14] B. Dong, D. Zeng, Z. Yu, L. Cai, S. Shi, H. Yu, H. Zhao, G. Tian, 'Corrosion mechanism and applicability assessment of N80 and 9Cr steels in CO₂ auxiliary steam drive, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 28 (2019) 1030-1039.

[15] L. Xu, S. Guo, W. Chang, et al., Corrosion of Cr bearing low alloy pipeline steel in CO₂ environment at static and flowing conditions, Appl. Surf. Sci. 270 (2013) 395-404.

[16] F.F. Eliyan, F. Mohammadi, A. Alfantazi, An electrochemical investigation on the effect of the chloride content on CO₂ corrosion of API-X100 steel, Corrosion Sci. 64 (2012) 37-43.

[17] J. Han, J. Zhang, J.W. Carey, Effect of bicarbonate on corrosion of carbon steel in CO₂ saturated brines, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Cont. 5 (2011) 1680-1683.

[18] F. Xue, L.Y. Xu, H.Y. Jing, Y.D. Han, Corrosion behavior of mechanical clad pipe welded joints in CO2-saturated seawater under high temperature and high pressure, Mater. Corros. 64 (2014) 544-549.

[19] M.H. Nazari, S.R. Allahkaram, M.B. Kermani, The effects of temperature and pH on the characteristics of corrosion product in CO₂ corrosion of grade X70 steel, Mater. Des. 31 (2010) 3559-3563.

[20] S. Guo, L. Xu, Z. Lei, C. Wei, M. Lu, Characterization of corrosion scale formed on 3Cr steel in CO₂ -saturated formation water, Corrosion Sci. 110 (2016) 123-133.