A review of recent developments in CO₂ mobility control in enhanced oil recovery

Abstract

Carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery (CO₂-EOR) has gained widespread attention in light of the declining conventional oil reserves. Moreover, CO₂-EOR contributes to the reduction of the global emissions of greenhouse gases through CO₂ sequestration in subsurface geologic formations. This method has been largely used in the petroleum industry for several decades especially for extracting oil from light-to-medium oil reservoirs approaching an advanced state of maturity. Traditionally, CO₂ is used in a continuous flooding scheme for EOR. However, continuous CO₂ flooding tends to be problematic due to unfavorable mobility, viscous fingering/channeling and early breakthrough of CO₂, especially in the presence of reservoir heterogeneities. In this paper, recent developments in the methods used to overcome these problems are reviewed. These developments include CO₂water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection, polymer-assisted CO₂ injection, surfactant-assisted CO₂ mobility control (CO₂-foam injection), and nanoparticle-assisted CO₂ flooding. Each method addresses, to an extent, one or more of the problems associated with conventional CO₂ flooding. Furthermore, incorporating more than one method can provide better performance in terms of CO₂ mobility control and oil recovery. In comparison with CO₂-WAG and CO₂-foam injection methods, the use of polymers and nanoparticles with CO₂ flooding is relatively new. These two new methods were mostly investigated experimentally, at the laboratory level, and they still need further development prior to field implementation.

Keywords

Mobility control / CO₂-enhanced oil recovery / Polymer thickeners / Surfactants / CO₂ foam / Nanoparticles

Declaration of competing interests

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

This publication was supported by the National Priorities Research Program grant NPRP11S-1210-170079 from Qatar National Research Fund.

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