Biogenesis and regulation of the let-7 miRNAs and their functional implications
Received date: 15 Jul 2015
Accepted date: 17 Aug 2015
Published date: 13 Mar 2016
Copyright
The let-7 miRNAwasone of thefirstmiRNAsdiscovered in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, and its biological functions show a high level of evolutionary conservation from the nematode to the human. Unlike in C. elegans, higher animals have multiple isoforms of let-7 miRNAs; these isoforms share a consensus sequence called the ‘seed sequence’ and these isoforms are categorized into let-7 miRNA family. The expression of let-7 family is required for developmental timing and tumor suppressor function, but must be suppressed for the self-renewal of stem cells. Therefore, let-7 miRNA biogenesis must be carefully controlled. To generate a let-7 miRNA, a primary transcript is produced by RNA polymerase II and then subsequently processed by Drosha/DGCR8, TUTase, and Dicer. Because dysregulation of let-7 processing is deleterious, biogenesis of let-7 is tightly regulated by cellular factors, such as the RNA binding proteins, LIN28A/B and DIS3L2. In this review, we discuss the biological functions and biogenesis of let-7 miRNAs, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of regulation of let-7 biogenesis in vertebrates, such as the mouse and the human.
Key words: miRNA processing; miRNA biogenesis; let-7 family; TUTase; LIN28A/B
Hosuk Lee , Sungwook Han , Chang Seob Kwon , Daeyoup Lee . Biogenesis and regulation of the let-7 miRNAs and their functional implications[J]. Protein & Cell, 2016 , 7(2) : 100 -113 . DOI: 10.1007/s13238-015-0212-y
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