Comprehensive analysis of RNA-seq and whole genome sequencing data reveals no evidence for SARS-CoV-2 integrating into host genome

References

[1] Baltimore D(1971) Expression of animal virus genomes. Bacteriol Rev 35:235–241

[2] Geis FK, Goff SP(2020) Silencing and transcriptional regulation of endogenous retroviruses: an overview. Viruses.

[3] Grandgenett DP, Aihara H(2018) Oligomerization of Retrovirus Integrases. Subcell Biochem 88:211–243

[4] Horie M, Tomonaga K(2011) Non-retroviral fossils in vertebrate genomes. Viruses 3:1836–1848

[5] Smits N, Rasmussen J, Bodea GO, Amarilla AA, Gerdes P, Sanchez-Luque FJ, Ajjikuttira P, Modhiran N, Liang B, Faivre J(2021) No evidence of human genome integration of SARSCoV-2 found by long-read DNA sequencing. Cell Rep.

[6] Sultana T, Zamborlini A, Cristofari G, Lesage P(2017) Integration site selection by retroviruses and transposable elements in eukaryotes. Nat Rev Genet 18:292–308

[7] V’Kovski P, Kratzel A, Steiner S, Stalder H, Thiel V(2021) Coronavirus biology and replication: implications for SARSCoV-2. Nat Rev Microbiol 19:155–170

[8] Xia S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Gao GF, Tan W, Wu G, Xu M, Lou Z(2021) Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 21:39–51

[9] Yan B, Chakravorty S, Mirabelli C, Wang L, Trujillo-Ochoa JL, Chauss D, Kumar D, Lionakis MS, Olson MR, Wobus CE(2021) Host-virus chimeric events in SARS-CoV2 infected cells are infrequent and artifactual. J Virol.

[10] Yin Y, Liu XZ, He X, Zhou LQ(2021) Exogenous coronavirus interacts with endogenous retrotransposon in human cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 11:

[11] Zhang L, Richards A, Barrasa MI, Hughes SH, Young RA, Jaenisch R(2021) Reverse-transcribed SARS-CoV-2 RNA can integrate into the genome of cultured human cells and can be expressed in patient-derived tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 118:

[12] Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xiang J, Wang Y, Song B, Gu X(2020a) Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 395:1054–1062

[13] Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, Si HR, Zhu Y, Li B, Huang CL(2020b) A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 579:270–273

[14] Zhu FC, Guan XH, Li YH, Huang JY, Jiang T, Hou LH, Li JX, Yang BF, Wang L, Wang WJ(2020a) Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: a randomised, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet 396:479–488

[15] Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R(2020b) A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 382:727–733

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

The Author(s)