Influence of vaccination time relative to heifers' synchronization on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus antibody and stress markers responses

Abstract

Objective:To characterize the influence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) vaccination time regarding the start of estrus synchronization on antibody titer, inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in Holstein heifers.
Methods:Twenty-four heifers (12.5 to 14.0 months old) were allocated into two experiments with 12 heifers in each, according to history of bovine herpesvirus (BoHV-1) vaccination (naïve and booster vaccinated). Heifers in each experiment were assigned to Pre-synch, In-synch and control groups. Pre-synch and In-synch groups received IBR vaccine on Day -3 and Day 5 of estrus synchronization start, respectively. Control animals remained unvaccinated but synchronized. Blood samples collected on Day 0 (day of vaccination), 7, 14 and 46 and assayed for IBR antibody titer, C-reactive protein (CRP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).
Results:The experiments showed invariably high BoHV-1 antibody titer after vaccination with live attenuated gE deleted vaccine or polyvalent vaccines containing chemically altered BoHV-1 in all vaccinated-synchronized animals compared to the control from Day 0 to Day 46 in naïve heifers, and from Day 7 to 46 in booster vaccinated animals. In booster vaccinated animals, CRP was low in Pre-synch group on Day 7 (P<0.05), and both synchronized groups on Day 14 and 46. TAC levels of Pre-synch and In-synch naïve heifers, and pre-synch booster heifers were lower than its control group on Day 0, and in naïve vaccinated In-synch group than booster In-synch on Day 7 (P<0.05).
Conclusions:The timing of estrus synchronization related to vaccination did not alter BoHV-1 antibody levels but affected CRP and TAC which make the animals liable for pathogen invasion and/or oxidative stress during the post-vaccinal period.

Keywords

BoHV-1 antibody / Heifers / C-reactive protein / Oxidative stress / Synchronization / Vaccine / Total antioxidant capacity

Conflict of interest statement

The authors claim there is no conflict of interest.

Funding

This study receives no extramural funding.

Data availability statement

The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Authors’ contributions

Yousef W contributed to the conceptualization, methodology, experimental studies, data acquisition, and writing of the original draft. El Nahas EM was responsible for the design, definition of intellectual content, manuscript editing and review, as well as supervision. Abouel-Roos MEA also contributed to the design, definition of intellectual content, manuscript editing and review, and supervision. Sosa GAM was involved in validation, design, definition of intellectual content, manuscript editing and review, and supervision. Kandiel MMM contributed to the conceptualization, methodology, data analysis, experimental studies, manuscript preparation, editing, review, and supervision. The authors would like to affirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all authors. They confirmed that the requirements for authorship, as stated earlier in this document, had been met, and each author believes that the manuscript represents honest work.

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