BaTiO₃-NaNbO₃ energy storage ceramics with an ultrafast charge-discharge rate and temperature-stable power density

Abstract

Dielectric capacitors with ultrafast charge-discharge rates are extensively used in electrical and electronic systems. To meet the growing demand for energy storage applications, researchers have devoted significant attention to dielectric ceramics with excellent energy storage properties. As a result, the awareness of the importance of the pulsed discharge behavior of dielectric ceramics and conducting characterization studies has been raised. However, the temperature stability of pulsed discharge behavior, which is significant for pulsed power applications, is still not given the necessary consideration. Here, we systematically investigate the microstructures, energy storage properties and discharge behaviors of nanograined (1-x)BaTiO₃-xNaNbO₃ ceramics prepared by a two-step sintering method. The 0.60BaTiO₃-0.40NaNbO₃ ceramics with relaxor ferroelectric characteristics possess an optimal discharge energy density of 3.07 J cm^-3, a high energy efficiency of 92.6%, an ultrafast discharge rate of 39 ns and a high power density of 100 MW cm^-3. In addition to stable energy storage properties in terms of frequency, fatigue and temperature, the 0.60BaTiO₃-0.40NaNbO₃ ceramics exhibit temperature-stable power density, thereby illustrating their significant potential for power electronics and pulsed power applications.

Keywords

BaTiO₃-NaNbO₃ / energy storage properties / charge-discharge rate / temperature-stable power density

References

[1] Zhao P,Wu L.Perspectives and challenges for lead-free energy-storage multilayer ceramic capacitors.J Adv Ceram2021;10:1153-93.

[2] Wang G,Li Y.Electroceramics for high-energy density capacitors: current status and future perspectives.Chem Rev2021;121:6124-72. PMCID:PMC8277101

[3] Palneedi H,Hwang G-T,Ryu J.High-performance dielectric ceramic films for energy storage capacitors: progress and outlook.Adv Funct Mater2018;28:1803665

[4] Li Q,Gadinski MR.Flexible high-temperature dielectric materials from polymer nanocomposites.Nature2015;523:576-9.

[5] Whittingham MS.Materials challenges facing electrical energy storage.MRS Bull2008;33:411-9.

[6] Li J,Chen X.Grain-orientation-engineered multilayer ceramic capacitors for energy storage applications.Nat Mater2020;19:999-1005.

[7] Xu R,Wei X.Analysis on nonlinearity of antiferroelectric multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) for energy storage.IEEE Trans Dielect Electr Insul2019;26:2005-11.

[8] Love GR.Energy storage in ceramic dielectrics.J Am Ceram Soc1990;73:323-8

[9] Jow TR,Ennis JB.Pulsed power capacitor development and outlook. In 2015 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC); 2015, pp. 1-7.

[10] Wang Y,Chen Q,Zhang QM.Recent development of high energy density polymers for dielectric capacitors.IEEE Trans Dielect Electr Insul2010;17:1036-42.

[11] Kim J,Acharya M.Ultrahigh capacitive energy density in ion-bombarded relaxor ferroelectric films.Science2020;369:81-4.

[12] Liu Z,Ye J.Antiferroelectrics for energy storage applications: a review.Adv Mater Technol2018;3:1800111.

[13] Hong K,Suh JM,Jang HW.Perspectives and challenges in multilayer ceramic capacitors for next generation electronics.J Mater Chem C2019;7:9782-802

[14] Li F,Shen B.Recent progress of ecofriendly perovskite-type dielectric ceramics for energy storage applications.J Adv Dielect2019;8:1830005.

[15] Zhang H,Zhang Q.A review on the development of lead-free ferroelectric energy-storage ceramics and multilayer capacitors.J Mater Chem C2020;8:16648-67.

[16] Yao Z,Hao H.Homogeneous/inhomogeneous-structured dielectrics and their energy-storage performances.Adv Mater2017;29:1601727.

[17] Ogihara H,Trolier-McKinstry S.High-energy density capacitors utilizing 0.7BaTiO₃-0.3BiScO₃ ceramics.J Am Ceram Soc2009;92:1719-24.

[18] Wang Z,Liu W.(Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃-based relaxor ferroelectrics with medium permittivity featuring enhanced energy-storage density and excellent thermal stability.Chem Eng J2022;427

[19] Yang L,Cheng Z.Ultra-high energy storage performance with mitigated polarization saturation in lead-free relaxors.J Mater Chem A2019;7:8573-80.

[20] Yang L,Cheng Z.Enhanced energy density and electric cycling reliability via MnO₂ modification in sodium niobate-based relaxor dielectric capacitors.J Mater Res2021, 36:1214-1222.

[21] Wang X,Zhao P.Optimizing the grain size and grain boundary morphology of (K,Na)NbO₃-based ceramics: Paving the way for ultrahigh energy storage capacitors.J Mater2021;7:780-9.

[22] Zhao P,Wu L.High-performance relaxor ferroelectric materials for energy storage applications.Adv Energy Mater2019;9:1803048.

[23] Pan H,Liu Y.Ultrahigh-energy density lead-free dielectric films via polymorphic nanodomain design.Science2019;365:578-82

[24] Yuan Q,Yao F-Z.Simultaneously achieved temperature-insensitive high energy density and efficiency in domain engineered BaTiO₃-Bi(Mg_0.5Zr_0.5)O₃ lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics.Nano Energy2018;52:203-10

[25] Wu L,Li L.Lead-free BaTiO₃-Bi(Zn_2/3Nb_1/3)O₃ weakly coupled relaxor ferroelectric materials for energy storage.RSC Adv2016;6:14273-82.

[26] Zhou M,Zhou Z.Superior energy storage properties and excellent stability of novel NaNbO₃-based lead-free ceramics with A-site vacancy obtained via a Bi₂O₃ substitution strategy.J Mater Chem A2018;6:17896-904.

[27] Zhao P,Chen L.Ultra-high energy storage performance in lead-free multilayer ceramic capacitors via a multiscale optimization strategy.Energy Environ Sci2020;13:4882-90.

[28] Zhao P,Li L.Ultrahigh energy density with excellent thermal stability in lead-free multilayer ceramic capacitors via composite strategy design.J Mater Chem A2021;9:25914-21.

[29] Chen L,Zhao P.Effect of MnO₂ on the dielectric properties of Nb-doped BaTiO₃-(Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃ ceramics for X9R MLCC applications.J Am Ceram Soc2018;102:2781-90.

[30] Hui K,Cen Z.KNN based high dielectric constant X9R ceramics with fine grain structure and energy storage ability.J Am Ceram Soc2021;104:5815-25.

[31] Li T,Zuo R.X9R-type Ag_1-3xBi_xNbO₃ based lead-free dielectric ceramic capacitors with excellent energy-storage properties.Ceram Int2022;48:2533-7.

[32] Zhu C,Luo B.High temperature lead-free BNT-based ceramics with stable energy storage and dielectric properties.J Mater Chem A2020;8:683-92.

[33] Yang Z,Jin L.Realizing high comprehensive energy storage performance in lead-free bulk ceramics via designing an unmatched temperature range.J Mater Chem A2019;7:27256-66.

[34] Cai Z,Wang H.High-temperature lead-free multilayer ceramic capacitors with ultrahigh energy density and efficiency fabricated via two-step sintering.J Mater Chem A2019;7:14575-82.

[35] Chen I-W.Sintering dense nanocrystalline ceramics without final-stage grain growth.Nature2000;404:168.

[36] Wang XH,Bai H-L.Two-step sintering of ceramics with constant grain-size, II: BaTiO₃ and Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite.J Am Ceram Soc2006;89:438-43.

[37] Shen Z,Luo B.BaTiO₃-BiYbO₃ perovskite materials for energy storage applications.J Mater Chem A2015;3:18146-53.

[38] Zhu C,Guo L.Simultaneously achieved ultrastable dielectric and energy storage properties in lead-free Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-based ceramics.ACS Appl Energy Mater2022;5:1560-70.

[39] Yang L,Li F.Perovskite lead-free dielectrics for energy storage applications.Prog Mater Sci2019;102:72-108.

[40] Hao X.A review on the dielectric materials for high energy-storage application.J Adv Dielectr2013;03:1330001.

[41] Li J,Xu Z.Multilayer lead-free ceramic capacitors with ultrahigh energy density and efficiency.Adv Mater2018;30:1802155.

[42] Yang D,Shu L.Lead-free antiferroelectric niobates AgNbO₃ and NaNbO₃ for energy storage applications.J Mater Chem A2020;8:23724-37.