Nanostructural design of superstrong metallic materials by severe plastic deformation processing

Abstract

Ultrafine-grained (UFG) metallic materials processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques often exhibit significantly higher strengths than those calculated by the well-known Hall-Petch equation. These higher strengths result from the fact that SPD processing not only forms the UFG structure but also leads to the formation of other nanostructural features, including dislocation substructures, nanotwins and nanosized second-phase precipitations, which further contribute to the hardening. Moreover, the analysis of strengthening mechanisms in recent studies demonstrates an important contribution to the hardening due to phenomena related to the structure of grain boundaries as a non-equilibrium state and the presence of grain boundary segregations. Herein, the principles of the nanostructural design of metallic materials for superior strength using SPD processing are discussed.

Keywords

Nanostructural design / severe plastic deformation / ultrafine-grained materials / superior strength

References

[1] Gleiter H.Nanostructured materials: basic concepts and microstructure.Acta Mater2000;48:1-29

[2] Meyers M,Benson D.Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials.Prog Mater Sci2006;51:427-556

[3] Valiev R,Alexandrov I.Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation.Prog Mater Sci2000;45:103-89

[4] Zehetbauer MJ. (eds.). Bulk nanostructured materials. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley, 2009.

[5] Valiev RZ,Langdon TG. Bulk nanostructured materials: fundamentals and applications. Hoboken: TMS-Wiley, 2014.

[6] Firstov SA,Shut OA.Transition from microstructures to nanostructures and ultimate hardening.Funct Mater2009;16:364-373

[7] Horita Z.Severe plastic deformation for nanostructure controls.Mater Trans2020;61:2241-7

[8] Edalati K,Beloshenko VA.Nanomaterials by severe plastic deformation: review of historical developments and recent advances.Mater Res Lett2022;10:163-256

[9] Ovid’ko I,Zhu Y.Review on superior strength and enhanced ductility of metallic nanomaterials.Prog Mater Sci2018;94:462-540

[10] Valiev RZ,Langdon TG.Using severe plastic deformation to produce nanostructured materials with superior properties.Annu Rev Mater Res2022;52:357-82

[11] Valiev R,Murashkin M,Sauvage X.On the origin of the extremely high strength of ultrafine-grained Al alloys produced by severe plastic deformation.Scripta Mater2010;63:949-52

[12] Liddicoat PV,Zhao Y.Nanostructural hierarchy increases the strength of aluminium alloys.Nat Commun2010;1:63

[13] Karavaeva MV,Ganeev AV.Superior strength of carbon steel with an ultrafine-grained microstructure and its enhanced thermal stability.J Mater Sci2015;50:6730-8

[14] Kim JG,Seol JB.Superior strength and multiple strengthening mechanisms in nanocrystalline TWIP steel.Sci Rep2018;8:11200 PMCID:PMC6060181

[15] Semenova I,Da Costa G,Valiev R.Enhanced strength and ductility of ultrafine-grained Ti processed by severe plastic deformation.Adv Eng Mater2010;12:803-7

[16] Valiev R,Langdon TG.Towards superstrength of nanostructured metals and alloys, produced by SPD.Kovove Mater2021;49:1-9

[17] Abramova M,Valiev R.Grain boundary segregation induced strengthening of an ultrafine-grained austenitic stainless steel.Mater Lett2014;136:349-52

[18] Sauvage X,Divinski S,Valiev R.Grain boundaries in ultrafine grained materials processed by severe plastic deformation and related phenomena.Mater Sci Eng A2012;540:1-12

[19] Sauvage X,Ivanisenko Y,Murashkin M.Grain boundary segregation in UFG alloys processed by severe plastic deformation: grain boundary segregation in UFG.Adv Eng Mater2012;14:968-74

[20] Zhang Y,Trimby PW.Dynamic precipitation, segregation and strengthening of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy (AA7075) processed by high-pressure torsion.Acta Mater2019;162:19-32

[21] Valiev RZ,Zemtsova EG,Dluhoš L. Nanostructured commercially pure titanium for development of miniaturized biomedical implants. In Froes F, Qian M, editors. Titanium in medical and dental applications. 1st ed. Sawston: Woodhead Publishing, 2018. p. 393-417.

[22] Rezyapova L,Sitdikov V.Study of second phase precipitates in nanostructured commercially pure titanium.Lett Mater2021;11:345-50

[23] Balasubramanian N.The Strength-grain size relationship in ultrafine-grained metals.Metall Mater Trans A2016;47:5827-38

[24] Luo P,Wu X.Quantitatively analyzing strength contribution vs grain boundary scale relation in pure titanium subjected to severe plastic deformation.Metall Mater Trans A2016;47:1922-8

[25] Valiev RZ.Superior strength in ultrafine-grained materials produced by SPD processing.Mater Trans2014;55:13-8

[26] Bobylev S,Sheinerman A.Strength enhancement induced by grain boundary solute segregations in ultrafine-grained alloys.Int J Plast2019;123:133-44

[27] Chinh NQ,Bobruk EV.Ultralow-temperature superplasticity and its novel mechanism in ultrafine-grained Al alloys.Mater Res Lett2021;9:475-82

[28] Petrik MV,Enikeev NA,Valiev RZ.Peculiarities of interactions of alloying elements with grain boundaries and the formation of segregations in Al-Mg and Al-Zn Alloys.Phys Met Metallogr2018;119:607-12