Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following intralesional MMR vaccination: A rare case report and mini review

Abstract

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating, immune-mediated inflammatory condition of the central nervous system (CNS). It can affect individuals of all ages. The case definition for monophasic ADEM includes polyfocal clinical CNS events of inflammatory origin, with magnetic resonance imaging showing large (>1 cm) diffuse white matter lesions, absence of relapse for 3 months, and exclusion of other acute demyelinating disorders. ADEM can also be associated with various infections and vaccinations. Our case study suggests that ADEM occurs following intralesional measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination to treat cutaneous warts. This case highlights the importance of making a well-informed decision regarding the risk of demyelinating disease in patients receiving vaccines. In addition, it emphasizes the need to obtain a detailed vaccination history when assessing patients with suspected ADEM. This is the first documented case of ADEM following intralesional MMR vaccination.

Keywords

Vaccination / Neurological / Measles / Mumps / Rubella

References

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