Inactivated African swine fever virus vaccine induces safe and efficient immune protection through mucosal immunity

Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is among the most devastating viral diseases of pigs. Despite nearly a century of research, there is still no safe and effective vaccine available. The current situation is that either vaccines are safe but not effective, or vice versa. The ASF vaccine prepared using the inactivation method with β-propiolactone provided 98.6% protection within 100 days after three intranasal immunizations spaced 7 days apart. In conclusion, an inactivated vaccine made from complete ASF virus particles using β-propiolactone can safely and effectively control ASF through mucosal immunity.

Keywords

African swine fever / Inactivated virus vaccine / Mucosal immunity / Safety / Efficacy / β-Propiolactone

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank all animal caretakers and technicians for their excellent work.

Funding

None.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare they have no competing interest.

Author contributions

Conceptualization: All authors

Formal analysis: JingXu Yang

Investigation: All authors

Methodology: Jinlong Yang

Writing-original draft: JingXu Yang

Writing-review & editing: Jinlong Yang

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The study was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Animal Experiments of Chongqing Jingshengtian Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (No.: CQJSTAE2023-02). The company provided laboratory swine, experimental facilities, and study protocols, and oversaw the execution of the entire process to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Further disclosure

The paper has been deposited onto a preprint server (Preprints.org, doi: 10.20944/preprints202501.1545.v1).

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