This study investigates the effects of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) on students at risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), recognizing the influential role of teachers in student development. Conducted over five months in a Lebanese private school, the cohort study involved 130 students (mean age: 8.7 years) spanning grades 1-5. Utilizing the NICHQ Vanderbilt Assessment Scale, teachers' pre- and post-intervention assessments, with sociodemographic data from caregivers, were collected. Significant improvements in inattentive and hyperactive symptoms post-NLP were noted, with ADHD percentages dropping to zero. Oppositional/conduct and anxiety/depression risks also decreased. Academic performance, particularly in written expression, showed notable improvement (18-9.1 %; p = 0.05). Teachers reported substantial advancements in high-risk ADHD children following NLP interventions, highlighting the importance of teacher-student relationships, motivation, confidence, and collaborative parent-teacher efforts in creating conducive learning environments. NLP can be used as an effective tool in addressing cognitive challenges and promoting positive behavioral changes.

This paper examines the difficulties dyslexic students encounter while learning English as a foreign language. It is not only about stating that dyslexic students have problems when learning a foreign and opaque language as English, but also about finding out where the difficulties rely on. According to some researchers, English spelling is an ‘opaque’ language that causes difficulties due to its consonant clusters and its complex syllabic structures. The main aim of this essay is to discover the difficulties Catalan speakers encounter when learning this language. Throughout this paper, there is an identification of the main characteristics of Catalan dyslexic students within English learning. This experimental proposal is aimed at analysing the effects of this reading disorder when learning a foreign language with the methodology of participants taking two tests: in English and in Catalan. Each test contains four different activities: a line rhyming exercise, choosing the right option, fill in the gap and dictation. By doing this, it seeks to demonstrate the most complicated groups of consonant clusters for dyslexic students: the ones representing more than one sound in the same letter, thus opaque clusters. Furthermore, due to this opacity, English activities were more significant in terms of results than Catalan exercises.

Despite volumes of research on depression-related conceptual metaphors and the therapeutic function of client-generated metaphors, seldom efforts have been made to unveil clients’ positive changes signified by metaphoric variation in the context of recovery. Based on depression recovery stories posted on Chinese Wechat subscription accounts, this study unpicks evolved metaphoric patterns indicative of positive changes regarding altered attitudes toward depression, social interaction and healthcare services during depressed patients’ recovery. It is found that these varying patterns can be mostly decoded based on correspondence and class inclusion metaphor types, developing from specific original source-target relations or original elements of the sources, while the rest of them can be realized by the introduction of new sources or targets for elaborating new experience and outcomes. They reflect depression survivors’ positive thinking patterns, self-empowerment and resilience, and convey their experience-licensed suggestions and encouragement to peers. Additionally, this study discusses how the Chinese socio-cultural values play a vital role in the understanding of depression-related metaphors and their variation, and provides implications for the application of metaphoric techniques in healthcare practice with socio-cultural sensitivity.

Introduction: Indigenous languages in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States are endangered due to colonial policies which promote English language dominance. While Indigenous communities know the importance of language for their wellbeing, this topic has only recently received attention in scholarship and public policy. This scoping review synthesizes and assesses existing literature on the links between the vitality of Indigenous languages and health or wellness in four English-speaking settler colonial countries.

Methods: Our interdisciplinary research team followed JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Key databases searched included MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Searches were restricted to English language literature. The last search was on February 8, 2021. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted to categorize and elucidate the nature of the links reported.

Results: Over 10,000 records were reviewed and 262 met the inclusion criteria - 70 % academic and 30 % gray literature. The largest number of studies focus on Canadian contexts (40.1 %). 78 % of the original research studies report only supportive links between Indigenous languages and health, while 98 % of the literature reviews report supportive links. The most significant aspects of health reported to be positively related to language are outcomes from health care, education and promotion initiatives; overall health, wellness, resilience and healing; and mental, cognitive, and psychological health and development. The results of the remaining original research studies are mixed (10 %), statistically non-significant (6 %), adverse (5 %) and neutral (1 %).

Conclusions: The results of this scoping review suggest that a vast body of academic and gray literature exists to support that language is a determinant of health for Indigenous peoples in the contexts studied. Recommendations for harnessing the healing effects of language include increasing tangible support to language programs, delivering linguistically tailored health care, and advancing knowledge through community-engaged research and education.

In recent times, Ghanaian midwives are adopting social media to engage in outreach, patient education, and health and wellbeing promotion services. This study explores the pragmatic acts used by Ghanaian midwives in their educational posts targeted at pregnant women and women who have newborns (new mothers) on Facebook. Using the directed content analysis method, the study identified five types of pragmatic acts in the midwives posts. They are the introductory acts, explanatory acts, prescriptive acts, psychological acts, and closing acts. The findings show that during online maternal and child healthcare services, Ghanaian midwives mainly perform explanatory acts, prescriptive acts, and psychological acts to inform, guide, and support pregnant women and new mothers on Facebook. The use of social media for promoting maternal and child health care, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, is a relatively new phenomenon. However, it has the potential to provide immense help and support pregnant women and new mothers if used to complement in-person antenatal and postpartum care visits.

Previous studies have extensively found that language is embodied and language undergoes aging, yet little attention has been paid to correlate the two issues. To address this gap, the present study put forward the Embodiment Effect on Lexicosemantic Aging (EELA) Hypothesis, which posits that words with stronger magnitude of embodiment are less susceptible to aging, whereas words with weaker magnitude of embodiment exhibit greater aging effects. To test this hypothesis, the present study employed three categories of action verbs, namely, the limb action verb, the face action verb, and the natural-change action verb, which were graded in embodiment, and recruited three age groups of adults (i.e., young, middle-aged and elderly ones) to perform a semantic categorization task. The results revealed a systematic processing hierarchy, with action verbs with the largest embodiment magnitude (limb action verbs) underwent the least aging, action verbs with the second largest embodiment magnitude (face action verbs) underwent more aging, action verbs with the smallest embodiment magnitude (natural-change action verbs) underwent the largest aging. These findings provide support for the EELA Hypothesis.

This paper investigates referential acts in discourse, focusing on how individuals with aphasia use language within specific communicative contexts. We argue that reference is not merely a function of lexical or syntactic conventions, but a pragmatic act shaped by context, shared knowledge, and interactional dynamics. Through discourse analyses, we show that people with aphasia often maintain referential coherence when supported by collaborative interlocutors. In contrast to traditional assessments that rely on decontextualized testing, we advocate for assessment approaches grounded in the analysis of real communicative situations, which better capture the situated and collaboratively constructed nature of reference. By integrating contextual, perceptual, and social dimensions into assessment and intervention, we propose a shift toward more dynamic and effective models for understanding and supporting communicative abilities in aphasia.

This paper presents a case study of a supercentenarian MST who died at the age of 110. A brief review of the literature on centenarians and their longevity is made that shows the mainstream focus on demography, mortality, heritability, cognition and parameters of longevity. Centenarians’ language performance is generally overlooked except for mentions in MMSE tests. This paper fills the gap by detailed anatomies of MST’s video-taped interview together with data from his life history and many volumes of writing. The interview sample is also looked at as part of a bigger picture of daily living activities. A comparison is also made between MST and a 93-year-old nonagenarian using the 3-welt model of umwelt, innenwelt and lebenswelt. The paper concludes with a bold proposal of conceptualizing language as lived experiences independently from aging and disease.

This linguistic study examines the usage and semantics of the Finnish lexemes potilas 'patient' and asiakas 'customer, client' in journalistic texts discussing matters relevant to the pharmacy profession. The theoretical framework of the analysis is cognitive linguistics, particularly frame semantics. The data were collected from articles published in a Finnish pharmacy magazine, Apteekkari, which represents the interests of proprietary pharmacists. The situational and functional semantic frames of a total of 137 occurrences of potilas ‘patient’ or asiakas ‘customer, client’ are compared. The analysis shows that the semantic frames of potilas ‘patient’ and asiakas ‘customer, client’ in Apteekkari are quite distinct. The magazine primarily uses the term potilas ‘patient’ for individuals interacting in the situational frame of a healthcare setting other than a pharmacy, or in the context of healthcare in general. However, although Finnish pharmacies also offer healthcare services, individuals interacting with pharmacies are generally referred to as asiakas ‘customer, client’, irrespective of their health status. Asiakas ‘customer, client’ is more common than potilas ‘patient’ in all functional frames of pharmacy services, including medical treatment and care. The terms customer and client may to some language users suggest a commercial and transactional rather than a caring relationship, and using the term patient in certain care-related contexts could support the recognition of pharmacists as healthcare providers. To better understand this aspect, future research should investigate perceptions of these terms among pharmacy service users and healthcare stakeholders, particularly in the context of pharmaceutical care.