Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) optically activated is the key technology of optical SMA activator. According to the shape memory mechanism of SMA, researches are done on the activating response time and light wavelength of activating source etc of SMA optically activated to approach the parameters selection of optical activation. SMA has the optimum efficiency in the range of 13 seconds to 27 seconds when SMA is illuminated continuously by wavelength of 675nm; The power of light wave has a low effect on SMA; The longer the activating wavelength, the quicker the response time of SMA activated. If the proper activating time and activating wavelength are adopted, and the structure deformation of composite material of SMA imbedded may be actively controlled, an ideal effect will be gotten. The research provides an evidence for the design of optical SMA activator and is of great significance to its application. The research on smart structure has a wide application prospect.

Based on sound absorption mechanism of material, the special sound absorption material CEMCOM for road sound insulation is introduced. This high sound absorption material is mainly composed of expanded perlite. Using multiple sound absorption structure can improve sound absorption property of material. According to the preparation principle and durability design of material, a new kind of material with low cost and high durability is developed.

λ-MnO₂ was prepared by column method from normal spinel LiMn₂O₄ with purity of 99.38%. The influence of LiMn₂O₄ grain size and acidity of leaching solution on the lithium leaching process was studied. The results show that the appropriate range of LiMn₂O₄ grain size was 60–160 meshes and the concentration of leaching solution HCl was 0.1 mol·L⁻¹. The adsorption capacity Q of λ-MnO₂ for lithium increased with the increase of pH and changed markedly at pH 6.0–10.0. It was 3.80mmol/g at pH 12.0 The distribution coefficients K_d of Li⁺ and Na⁺ were 3.406×10⁴ and 2.300 respectively, and the separation coefficient a_Na ^Li was 1.481 ×10⁴ at pH 6.5. As a result, λ-MnO₂ is a high performance ion-sieve material for lithium ion.

Al-pillared interlayered montmorillonite (Al-PILM) was prepared using the artificial Na-montmorillonite from the Qingfengshan bentonite mine as a starting material mixed with Al-pillaring solutions. The microstructure of the materials was studied by an X-ray powder diffractormeter and a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The results indicated that the basal spacing [d(001) value] of the materials was increased significantly to 1.9194 nm relative to Na-montmorillonite (1.2182 nm). After calcined for 2 h at 300°C, the basal spacing was stabilized at 1.8394 nm and the layered structure of the materials was not destroyed. Thermal analysis was conducted by a thermal gravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) instrument, it showed that Al-PILM lost physically adsorbed water below 230.6°C and water formed by dehydroxylation of the pillars at around 497.1°C, with a peak of the phase transformation at 903.0°C.

Space symmetry of prehnite, which occurs in cavities and veins within Skarn from the Tieshan iron mineral deposit, Daye, Hubei province, Central China, has been determined using selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) on the submicrometer scale. Our results confirm that the natural prehnite may have the structure with symmetry Pncm. The unit-cell parameters of investigated prehnite (a=0.458 nm, b=0.555 nm, and c=1.853 nm) have been calculated by using the multicrystal diffraction rings of gold, the internal standard.

The sol-gel process of citric acid chelating with metal cations for the synthesis of normal spinel LiMn₂O₄ and the reaction mechanism were investigated by means of XRD, IR, TG-DTA and SEM. The results show that at the beginning lithium citrate and chelate compound of citric acid with manganese ions formed, and then with heating the esterification and condensation reactions occured between them and glycol. The products obtained are polymers in which metal cations are distributed homogenously on atomic scale that ensure high reactivity to cations of Li⁺ and Mn²⁺. Firing the gel prepared by this process, the lattice diffusions of solid reactant ions caused by non-homogeneity of reactants are eliminated and avoided. At 400°C phase-pure LiMn₂O₄ with nanometer scale crystallization having precise stoichiometry and perfect crystallization can be obtained. The model of chelate coordinate of double-molecule between citric acid and Mn²⁺ in the gel network is proposed. It is important for explaining the dispersion state of Mn²⁺ and the formation process of gel by this model.

Al-induced lateral crystallization of amorphous silicon thin films by microwave annealing is investigated. The crystallized Si films are examined by optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and transmission electron diffraction micrography. After microwave annealing at 480 °C for 50 min, the amorphous Si is completely crystallized with large grains of main (111) orientation. The rate of lateral crystallization is 0.04 μm/min. This process, labeled MILC-MA, not only lowers the temperature but also reduces the time of crystallization. The crystallization mechanism during microwave annealing and the electrical properties of polycrystalline Si thin films are analyzed. This MILC-MA process has potential applications in large area electronics.

The nanocomposite films were prepared by direct intercalation of poly(ethylene oxide) and PEO into MoO₃ xerogel via sol-gel route. The electrochromic behavior and the chemical conditions of Li⁺ ions were investigated by cyclic voltammograms, UV-visible spectral transmittance and XPS. The results show that the cycling efficiency and the reversibility of insertion/extraction of Li⁺ ions in (PEO)₁MoO₃·nH₂O nanocomposite film were improved. The intercalation of PEO into MoO₃ xerogel modulated the wavelength range of electrochromism and enhanced the electrochromic efficiency. Two different chemical conditions of Li⁺ ions existing in the interlayer and interstitial positions of MoO₃ lattice were observed in MoO₃ xerogel and (PEO)₁MoO₃·nH₂O nanocomposite films.

By using such flier-plate material, quasi-isentropic compression can be realized. Based on it, hypervelocity launching is further accomplished. As a result, an extremely high dynamic pressure can be obtained in laboratory, offering a practical method for the comprehensive determination of materials behavior, response, equation-of-state and properties in dynamic loading process.

LiMn₂O₄ was synthesized rapidly by microwave heating. The product phases of the microwave synthesis and conventional solid-state synthesis were comparatively invesitigated. The capacity of microwave synthesis product decreases relatively slow. The lithium ion can be inserted into and extracted from the spinel framework structure fluently after cycling. But the capacity of the conventional solid-state synthesis product is more remarkably lowered. The spinel framework structure was destroyed which hindered the lithium ion from inserting and extracting. The influential factors of the process parameters are discussed such as heat preservation time, pre-heating at 400°C for 24h and coupled agent.

The low-voltage-electromagnetic forming was applied to powder compaction. A series of experiments was performed to compact aluminum, copper and tin pwders in an indirect working way. Having compacted high-density powder parts successfully, the authors analyzed the effects of voltage, capacitance, friction, compaction times, powder size and other factors on the densities of compacted specimens. The experimental results show that lower voltage but larger capacitance are beneficial to increasing the density and homogeneity of the compacted specimens, if the loading velocity and discharging energy are suitable. The higher the voltage, the greater the percentage of energy consumed by friction. If the equipment energy is limited, the iterative compaction is an efficient way to manufacture homogeneous and high-density powder parts.

It is confirmed that the essential condition for glasses and glass-ceramics to bond to living bone is the formation of an apatite layer on their surfaces in the body. It is proposed that a hydrated silica formed on the surfaces of these materials in the body plays an important role in forming the surface apatite layer, which has noi been proved yet. It is shown experimentally that a pure hydrated silica gel can induce the apatite formation on its surface in a simulated body fluid when its starting pH is increased from 7.2 to 7.4.

The influence of Cu dopant (x) and sintering temperature (T_s) on the transport properties of La_2/3Ca_1/3Mn_1−xCu_xO₃ series samples prepared by Sol-Gel technique was investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns show that all the samples with different Cu dopant and sintering temperatures (T_s) are of single phase without obvious lattice distortion. Experimental results indicate that the insulator-metal transition temperature is directly related to the sintering temperature and Cu dopant x. It is interesting to observe that a proper amount of Cu dopant can substantially improve magnetoresistance effects.

The transparent anatase TiO₂ nanometer thin films were prepared by the sol-gel method on soda-lime glass. X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and UV-visible spectrophotometer were used to analyze the formation of the phases. Only increasing the heat-treatment time, the average grain size has no obvious change. The mechanism of grain growth in TiO₂ thin film is probably as follows: the grain of coating will become grain core later; TiO₂ sol constantly deposited on the surface of TiO₂ grain and formed membrane with increasing of coating cycle times; TiO₂ grain in the film grow steadily.

Both titanium and germanium were introduced into silicon dioxide system by sol-gel method to move its region of anomalous dispersion caused by IR resonance absorption towards the wavelength of CO₂ laser. It is indicated by IR absorption spectra that as the content of SiO₂ decreases in this glass system TiO₂ and GeO₂ tends to exist in their own phases. As for the gel glass with a composition of 40 SiO₂·30TiO₂·30GeO₂, when the temperature is below 600°C, germanium atoms exist mainly in Ge−O−Ge bonds. With the temperature increasing from 800°C to 1000°C, titanium atoms in Si−O−Ti bonds abmost transform into Ti−O−Ti bonds. Furthermore, a large number of Si−O−Ti and Si−O−Ge bonds formed when the temperature approaches 800°C, which makes a notable IR absorption band round the wavelength of CO₂ laser. Therefore, sol-gel based SiO₂−TiO₂−GeO₂ gel glass is a candidate material for CO₂ laser hollow waveguide.

The analysis method on random time dependence of reinforced concrete material is introduced, the effect mechanism on reinforced concrete are discussed, and the random time dependence resistance of reinforced concrete is studied. Furthermore, the corrosion of steel bar in reinforced concrete structures is analyzed. A practical statistical method of evaluating the random time dependent resistance, which includes material, structural size and calculation influence, is also established. In addition, an example of predicting random time dependent resistance of reinforced concrete structural element is given.

According to the characteristics of granular soil, the technological requirements of the special-purpose cement for stabilizing granular soil are put forward to meet the demands of implementation of highway base engineering. A kind of slow-setting and slight-expansive cement is developed by the cross experiment method in slag-clinker-gypsum-alkaline system, the final setting time of the cement can be prolonged to 8h, and it has properties of low dry shrinkage, high flexural strength and good crack resistance. The strength of granular soil stabilized by the cement is increased by 20% compared with that stabilized by Chinese 425-Grade slag cement.

A new model of repaired concrete which divides the bonding interface into a penetrating layer, a strongly-affected layer and a weakly-affected layer was put forward. The model is mainly based on the observation of the microstructure of interface between fresh and old (3 months to 60 years) concretes by using scanning electron microscopy. Then, the mechanism of the microstructure formed was analyzed. Finally, the relationship between the micro-structure and macro-mechanical performance of the interface was discussed. V 3

Materials such as Koch AH—70, basalt aggregate, limestone powder and graphite particles were used to prepare conductive asphalt concrete, which is a new type of multifunctional concrete. The mix proportion by weight was shown as follows. Fine aggregates (2.36–4.75 mm): fine aggregates (<2.36mm): lime-stone powder: asphalt=120∶240∶14∶30. The content of added graphite particles ranged from 0% to 20% (by the weight of asphalt concrete). A conductive asphalt concrete with a resistivity around 10–10³Ω·m was obtained. Special attention was paid to the effects of graphite content, graphite physical-chemical properties, asphalt content and temperature on the resistivity. Furthermore, an attempt was made to develop an electrically conductive model for asphalt concrete.

An experimental program was undertaken to study the individual and admixed effects of lime and fly ash on the geotechnical characteristics of expansive soil. Lime and fly ash were added to the expansive soil at 4%–6% and 40%–50% by dry weight of soil, respectively. Testing specimens were determined and examined in chemical composition, grain size distribution, consistency limits, compaction, CBR, free swell and swell capacity. The effect of lime and fly ash addition on reducing the swelling potential of an expansive soil is presented. It is revealed that a change of expansive soil texture takes place when lime and fly ash are mixed with expansive soil. Plastic limit increases by mixing lime and liquid limit decreases by mixing fly ash, which decreases plasticity index. As the amount of lime and fly ash is increased, there are an apparent reduction in maximum dry density, free swell and swelling capacity under 50 kPa pressure, and a corresponding increase in the percentage of coarse particles, optimum moisture content and CBR value. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the expansive soil can be successfully stabilized by lime and fly ash.

The effects of the grinding mode, fineness, gypsum kinds and dosage, mix proportions on properties of the composite cements consisting of slag, fly ash, limestone and a lower content clinker were investigated, respectively. The results show that when the proportions among slag, fly ash and limestone are appropriate, the grinding technology and system are reasonable, the optimized gypsums and additives are effective, the 52.5R grade cement (52.5R grade cement means a higher strength than 52.5 at early age) can be prepared by clinker dosage of 50% in weight, the 42.5R or 42.5, 32.5 grade composite cement containing 40% and 30% clinker also may be made, respectively. Moreover, the high performance concrete prepared from the above composite cements was studied experimentally.

A series of 0–3 composites of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and BaTiO₃ was prepared. BaTiO₃ was modified with titanate coupling agent. The dielectric properties and the interfacial interaction of composites by different preparation methods were examined and compared. The result shows that the relative dielectric constant ∈ of the composite prepared in solution has a maximum value at about 70% weight fraction of BaTiO₃ and the dielectric loss tanδ increases rapidly when the fraction exceeds 70%. For the composite prepared in melt, the relative dielectric constant ε almost reaches a maximum value at about 60% weight fraction of BaTiO₃ and the dielectric loss is comparatively lower. The dielectric properties of composites are improved by using a coupling agent.

The synthesis of reaction flame retarding unsaturated polyester resin and the flame retarding mechanism are investigated. By taking the synthesis flame retarding unsaturated polyester resin as a base material, glass fibers as reinforced material, under the condition of adding graphite or carbon black respectively, the composites were manufactured. The flame retarding and antistatic properties are also studied. In the experiment, bromide-bearing flame retarding resin decomposed under a high temperature. Compound HBr was set out and retarded or stopped the flame. High concentration of HBr gas wall was formed between gas and solid phrases, which decreased flame. The results show that antistatic property of carbon black is higher than that of graphite. Adding a threshed value of 1% carbon black into composite, the antistatic property is at its highest value.

The vapor-liquid equilibrium of Dimethyl Carbonate-Methanol-Furfural under atmospheric pressure from DMC-CH₃OH, DMCC₅H₄O₂, CH₃OH−C₅H₄O₂ binary systematic VLE data is calculated, by using C⁺⁺ (VC6.0) programming language and Wilson equation. It provided important VLE data to set up mathematic models of extraction-rectifying separation of DMC and methanol by using furfural as extraction reagent. So the results can be used for chemical engineering calculation.

To solve the problems of EDM when using the ordinary fluid and mold manufacturing, this paper provides the orthogonal experiment in the suspended powder fluid, which can optimize the main process parameters. And it also achieves the technology of EDM in the suspended powder fluid primarily.