Delayed Potentiation Effect on Sprint, Power and Agility Performance in Well-Trained Soccer Players

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to investigate (a) the effects of two priming training methods (repeated-sprint and ballistic-power) on speed, power and agility performance in well-trained soccer players, and (b) whether stronger players may have greater benefits on performance from the priming sessions compared to their weaker counterparts.

Methods

Fourteen (n = 14) male well-trained soccer players (age: 21.1 ± 3.3 years, height 1.77 ± 0.07 m, mass: 73.2 ± 8.5 kg) were randomly assigned to perform a repeated-sprint and a ballistic-power priming training session applied 24 h prior to a countermovement jump (CMJ), a 20 m sprint and a T-Test agility time-trials. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was also evaluated following the repeated-sprint and the ballistic-power priming programs. On a different day, body composition, leg extension isometric peak torque (IPT) and rate of torque development (RTD) were evaluated. Soccer players were also divided into stronger and weaker groups according to their IPT relative to body mass.

Results

Agility T-Test time-trial decreased significantly by − 2.51% ± 2.28% (P = 0.005) and − 1.91% ± 2.30% (P = 0.02) following repeated-sprint and ballistic-power priming respectively, compared to control (C) condition. RPE, CMJ and 20 m sprint performance were not different between the priming sessions (P > 0.05). Stronger players decreased only T-Test agility time-trial by − 3.02% ± 2.96% (P = 0.016), after repeated-sprint and by − 2.64% ± 2.76% (P = 0.020) following ballistic-power priming when compared with C condition. However, no differences were observed between stronger and weaker players (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

These results suggest that both repeated-sprint and ballistic-power priming training methods, when applied 24 h prior to a soccer game, may enhance agility performance in well-trained soccer players.

Keywords

Priming / Team sports / Isometric peak force / Change of direction

References

[1] Al Haddad H, Simpson BM, Buchheit M, Di Salvo V, Mendez-Villanueva A. Peak match speed and maximal sprinting speed in young soccer players: effect of age and playing position. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2015, 10: 888-96,

[2] Andersen LL, Andersen JL, Zebis MK, Aagaard P. Early and late rate of force development: differential adaptive responses to resistance training?. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2010, 20: 162-9,

[3] Barnes C, Archer DT, Hogg B, Bush M, Bradley P. The evolution of physical and technical performance parameters in the english premier league. Int J Sports Med, 2014, 35(13): 1095-100,

[4] Blazevich A, Babault N. Post-activation potentiation (PAP) versus postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) in humans: historical perspective, underlying mechanisms, and current issues. Front Physiol, 2019, 10: 1359-78,

[5] Blazevich AJ, Wilson CJ, Alcaraz PE, Rubio-Arias JA. Effects of resistance training movement pattern and velocity on isometric muscular rate of force development: a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. Sports Med, 2020, 50(5): 943-63,

[6] Bojsen-Møller J, Magnusson SP, Rasmussen LR, Kjaer M, Aagaard P. Muscle performance during maximal isometric and dynamic contractions is influenced by the stiffness of the tendinous structures. J Appl Physiol, 2005, 99(3): 986-94,

[7] Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 1982, 14(5): 377-81,

[8] Boullosa D. Post-activation performance enhancement strategies in sport: a brief review for practitioners. Hum Mov, 2021, 22(3): 101-9,

[9] Cook CJ, Kilduff LP, Crewther BT, Beaven M, West DJ. Morning based strength training improves afternoon physical performance in rugby union players. J Sci Med Sport, 2014, 17(3): 317-21,

[10] Cormie P, McGuigan MR, Newton RU. Adaptations in athletic performance after ballistic power versus strength training. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2010, 42(8): 1582-98,

[11] Docherty D, Hodgson M. The application of postactivation potentiation to elite sport. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2007, 2: 439-44,

[12] Donghi F, Rampinini E, Bosio A, Fanchini M, Carlomagno D, Maffiuletti NA. Morning priming exercise strategy to enhance afternoon performance in young elite soccer players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2021, 16(3): 407-14,

[13] Ekstrand LG, Battaglini CL, McMurray RG, Shields EW. Assessing explosive power production using the backward overhead shot throw and the effects of morning resistance exercise on afternoon performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2013, 27(1): 101-6,

[14] Elias LJ, Bryden MP, Bulman-Fleming MB. Footedness is a better predictor than is handedness of emotional lateralization. Neuropsychologia, 1998, 36: 37-43,

[15] Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G* power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods, 2007, 39: 175-91,

[16] Harrison PW, James LP, McGuigan MR, Jenkins DG, Kelly VG. Resistance priming to enhance neuromuscular performance in sport: evidence, potential mechanisms and directions for future research. Sports Med, 2019, 49(10): 1499-514,

[17] Harrison PW, James LP, McGuigan MR, Jenkins DG, Kelly VG. Prevalence and application of priming exercise in high performance sport. J Sci Med Sport, 2020, 23(3): 297-303,

[18] Haugen T, Seiler S. Assessing physical and physiological characteristics in soccer players: why, what and how should we measure?. Sport Sci, 2015, 19: 10-26

[19] Ioannides C, Apostolidis A, Hadjicharalambous M, Zaras N. Effect of a 6-week plyometric training on power, muscle strength, and rate of force development in young competitive karate athletes. J Phys Educ Sport, 2020, 20: 1740-6

[20] Kelekian GK, Zaras N, Stasinaki A-N, Spiliopoulou P, Karampatsos G, Bogdanis G, Terzis G. Preconditioning strategies before maximum clean performance in female weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res, 2022, 36(8): 2318-21,

[21] Kilduff LP, Finn CV, Baker JS, Cook CJ, West DJ. Preconditioning strategies to enhance physical performance on the day of competition. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2013, 8(6): 677-81,

[22] Maden-Wilkinson TM, Balshaw TG, Massey GJ, Folland JP. What makes long-term resistance-trained individuals so strong? A comparison of skeletal muscle morphology, architecture, and joint mechanics. J Appl Physiol, 2019, 28(4): 1000-11,

[23] Malone S, Owen A, Mendes B, Hughes B, Collins K, Gabbett TJ. High-speed running and sprinting as an injury risk factor in soccer: can well-developed physical qualities reduce the risk?. J Sci Med Sport, 2018, 21(3): 257-62,

[24] McGowan CJ, Pyne DB, Thompson KG, Raglin JS, Rattray B. Morning exercise: enhancement of afternoon sprints swimming performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2017, 12: 605-11,

[25] Mpampoulis T, Methenitis S, Papadopoulos C, Papadimas G, Spiliopoulou P, Stasinaki A-N, Bogdanis GC, Karampatsos G, Terzis G. Weak association between vastus lateralis muscle fiber composition and fascicle length in young untrained females. Sports, 2021, 9: 56,

[26] Nishioka T, Okada J. Influence of strength level on performance enhancement using resistance priming. J Strength Cond Res, 2022, 36(1): 37-46,

[27] Oh SH, Mierau A, Thevis M, Thomas A, Schneider C, Ferrauti A. Effects of different exercise intensities in the morning on football performance components in the afternoon. Ger J Exerc Sport Res, 2018, 48(2): 235-44,

[28] Pauole K, Madole K, Garhammer J, Lacourse M, Rozenek R. Reliability and validity of the T-Test as a measure of agility, leg power, and leg speed in college-aged men and women. J Strength Cond Res, 2000, 14(4): 443-50

[29] Russell M, King A, Bracken RM, Cook CJ, Giroud T, Kilduff LP. A comparison of different modes of morning priming exercise on afternoon performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2016, 11(6): 763-7,

[30] Sale D. Postactivation potentiation: role in performance. Br J Sports Med, 2004, 38(4): 386-7,

[31] Sariati D, Hammami R, Chtara M, Zagatto A, Boullosa D, Clark CCT, Hackney AC, Granacher U, Souissi N, Zouhal H. Change-of-direction performance in elite soccer players: preliminary analysis according to their playing positions. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020, 17(22): 1-13,

[32] Sayers SP, Harackiewicz DV, Harman EA, Frykman PN, Rosenstein MT. Cross-validation of three jump power equations. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 1999, 31(4): 572-7,

[33] Secomb JL, Nimphius S, Farley OR, Lundgren L, Tran TT, Sheppard JM. Lower-body muscle structure and jump performance of stronger and weaker surfing athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2016, 11(5): 652-7,

[34] Seitz L, Haff GG. Factors modulating post-activation potentiation of jump, sprint, throw, and upper-body ballistic performances: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Med, 2016, 46: 231-40,

[35] Thomas C, Jones PA, Rothwell J, Chiang CY, Comfort P. An investigation into the relationship between maximum isometric strength and vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2015, 29(8): 2176-85,

[36] Thomas C, Comfort P, Jones AP, Dos’Santos T. Comparison of isometric midthigh-pull strength, vertical jump, sprint speed, and change-of-direction speed in academy netball players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2017, 12(7): 916-21,

[37] Tillin NA, Bishop D. Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on performance of subsequent explosive activities. Sports Med, 2009, 39: 147-66,

[38] Tsoukos A, Veligekas P, Brown LE, Terzis G, Bogdanis GC. Delayed effects of a low-volume, power-type resistance exercise session on explosive performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2018, 32(3): 643-50,

[39] Turner A, Stewart P. Strength and conditioning for soccer players. Strength Cond J, 2014, 36: 1-13,

[40] Turner AN, Comfort P, McMahon J, Bishop C, Chavda S, Read P, Mundy P, Lake J. Developing powerful athletes part 2: practical applications. Strength and Cond J, 2021, 43(1): 23-31,

[41] Woolstenhulme MT, Bailey BK, Allsen PE. Vertical jump, anaerobic power, and shooting accuracy are not altered 6 hours after strength training in collegiate women basketball players. J Strength Cond Res, 2004, 18(3): 422-5

[42] Yule S. Joyce D, Lewindon D. Maintaining an in season conditioning edge. High performance training for sports, 2014 UK Human Kinetics Leeds 301-31

[43] Zaras N, Spengos K, Methenitis S, Papadopoulos C, Karampatsos G, Georgiadis G, Stasinaki A, Manta P, Terzis G. Effects of strength vs. ballistic-power training on throwing performance. J Sports Sci Med, 2013, 12: 130-7

[44] Zaras ND, Stasinaki A-NE, Krase AA, Methenitis SK, Karampatsos GP, Georgiadis GV, Spengos KM, Terzis GD. Effects of tapering with light vs. heavy loads on track and field throwing performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2014, 28(12): 3484-95,

[45] Zaras N, Apostolidis A, Kavvoura A, Hadjicharalambous M. Comparison between dry-land and swimming priming on 50 m crawl performance in well-trained adolescent swimmers. Sports, 2022, 10: 52,

[46] Zaras N, Stasinaki AN, Spiliopoulou P, Mpampoulis T, Terzis G. Triceps brachii muscle architecture, upper-body rate of force development, and bench press maximum strength of strong and weak trained participants. Hum Mov, 2023, 24: 1

AI Summary ×

Note: Please note that the content below is AI-generated. Frontiers Journals website shall not be held liable for any consequences associated with the use of this content.

×

Share on WeChat

Accesses

Citations

Altmetric

Detail

Sections

Recommended