Changes in plasma volume (PV), acid–base status and ventilation have rarely been investigated in relation to resistance training (RT). This study aimed to investigate the effect of a single set of exhaustive leg press exercise on these basic physiological parameters in an integrated manner.

Twenty-seven male individuals (27.1 ± 4.1 years, 1.82 ± 0.62 m, 84.4 ± 12.5 kg, BMI: 25.4 ± 3.0 k/gm²) performed a single set leg press exercise during which hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), hematocrit (Hct), pH, oxygen (pO₂) and carbon dioxide partial pressures (pCO₂), hydrogen carbonate concentration ([HCO₃⁻]), standard base excess (SBE) and lactate concentration ([La⁻]) were determined. Total buffer capacity was calculated based on pH, [HCO₃⁻] and pCO₂.

Mean PV decreased by 559 ± 230 mL (13.7%). As a result, arterial oxygen content was significantly increased due to hemoconcentration (P < 0.001). At exhaustion, pH (7.30 ± 0.06), [HCO₃⁻] (18.6 ± 2.0 mmol/L) and SBE (− 6.6 ± 2.4 mmol/L) were all significantly decreased (P < 0.0001). The pCO₂ first remained unchanged (39.4 ± 4.3 mm Hg) but demonstrated a significant decrease one-minute post-exercise (34.4 ± 4.2 mmHg), indicating metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation, which was maintained until t₊₁₅. Non-bicarbonate buffering remained constant during recovery while the respiratory component steadily increased until 15-min post-exercise (50.2 mmol/L per pH).

PV shifts following a single set of leg press exercise improve post-exercise arterial oxygen content. The moderate metabolic acidosis was not compensated during exercise because of restricted breathing but partly compensated during the following 15-min recovery period. The respiratory compensation as part of the bicarbonate buffering made up 50% of total buffer capacity in the course of recovery.

“Cuban Motion” (CM) is a term often used to label a basic movement of many Latin-American dances, such as salsa and bachata. It is characterized by a cyclical and rhythmic flexion and rotation of the pelvis, accompanied by ample movements of the spine and lower limbs. Since Latin dances are considered both a recreational activity and a kind of healthy gymnastics for young and older subjects, a biomechanical analysis of the CM was performed to quantitatively assess the main features of this movement, from joint kinematics to muscle activations.

The study combined experimental acquisitions with a Vicon Motion Capture system and musculoskeletal analyses in OpenSim. Only one subject was considered, an instructor of Latin dances, who was equipped with 55 retro-reflective markers, according to the Full Body CGM2.5 marker set. Data were processed in OpenSim, using the ThoracoLumbar model (111 DoFs and 620 musculo-tendon actuators).

The cycle of the CM and its main events were defined. Results showed a wide RoM of many joints, with correlations between hip and knee flexion angles and among list, between hip adduction and shoulder flexion. The main role of the iliopsoas and the ileus costalis muscles was observed.

The current study quantified the CM as a physical exercise using a biomechanical approach similar to a gait analysis. The main kinematic and kinetic features were described, also providing an estimation of the muscle activations and joint reactions, derived from simulation activity in OpenSim. The main limitation of this study is the focus on a single subject, but this step was necessary to define a context and guidelines for future investigations, where we are going to compare èlite vs. novices and male vs. female dancers.

Bariatric surgery is a treatment for severe obesity and its associated conditions, which already has ample evidence of its benefits. In addition to the reduction in body fat mass, the weight loss caused by bariatric surgery includes a significant reduction in skeletal muscle and bone mineral mass, which could negatively affect functional capacity and increase the risk of sarcopenia. The need for prophylactic programs that prevent sarcopenia in bariatric surgery patients seems to be one of the crucial points for the long-term surgical success of bariatric and metabolic surgery. This study aims to review the published literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on the prevention of sarcopenia induced by bariatric surgery.

We followed the PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews conducted in PubMed/Medline, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Randomized controlled, controlled clinical, and other types of experimental studies were considered for inclusion. A total of 356 possibly relevant studies were identified with quality considered reasonable and good. Eight studies were included in the review: six of which were randomized experimental studies, one was a pilot study, and one a quasi-experimental study.

Structured physical exercise allows significant improvements in body composition, positively affecting functional capacity, muscle strength, cardio-metabolic risk factors, and quality of life in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery, especially when combined exercise is implemented in the initial weeks following surgery.

A combined, individualized, and supervised exercise program contributes to preventing and reducing sarcopenia after bariatric surgery.

Tennis demands exceptional technical skills, speed, strength and endurance. Previous studies have highlighted the high energy expenditure during tennis drills due to constant directional changes. While metabolic monitoring and player tracking have been used to quantify exercise intensity and movements, mechanical efficiency (ME) in tennis remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate ME in tennis by combining metabolic and mechanical measurements during on-court drills.

Ten elite adolescent tennis players (males n = 5, females n = 5) performed a VO_2max test on a treadmill and participated in three standard tennis drills, Spanish cross, lateral and inside out. During the tennis drill, full-body kinematics were captured, and energy expenditure was measured using a portable breath-by-breath gas analysis. ME was calculated for each drill, and individual differences were examined.

Results revealed significant differences in energy expenditure and mechanical work between drills. ME was not associated with VO_2max or running speed. highlighting the need to focus on other factors like strength, footwork technique, and neuromuscular training to enhance ME.

This study underscores the complexity of ME in tennis, with individual variations and where factors like footwork technique, muscular strength and motor abilities might influence ME.

The slow component of O₂ uptake (VO₂SC) is attenuated when brief periods of recovery are initiated at exercise onset but the impact of introducing intermittent recovery periods after the primary increase in VO₂ on the VO₂SC are unknown.

This study examined the effect of brief bouts of recovery initiated after the primary rise in VO₂ on the amplitude of the VO₂SC.

Seven healthy men [30 ± 10 years, 179 ± 8 cm, 89.2 ± 8.2 kg (± SD)] performed 6 bouts of cycling exercise; 2 bouts of continuous exercise (CONT) and 4 bouts of intermittent exercise (INT, HINT) with work-recovery intervals of 10 s and 3 s. CONT and INT trials consisted of step-transitions from 20 W to a work rate (WR) corresponding to 50% of the difference between VO_2peak and gas exchange threshold (Δ50). The WR for HINT was calculated to match the total work performed in the CONT condition.

The VO₂SC, indicated by ΔVO_{2(6–3 min)}, was eliminated INT (–81 ± 201 mL/min) compared to CONT (597 ± 164 mL/min) and HINT (409 ± 212 mL/min) although there were no differences between the phase II VO₂ kinetic parameters.

Introducing 3 s of recovery every 10 s following 3 min of heavy intensity exercise eliminated the VO₂SC in INT but had no effect on HINT. These findings demonstrate that introducing brief intermittent exercise-recovery periods during heavy intensity exercise lowers exercise intensity domain; however, work-matched intermittent heavy intensity exercise results in similar dynamics to CONT.

The aim of this review was to methodically consider oxidative stress biomarkers in endurance performance events. The health benefits of exercise come at the cost of reactive oxygen species production. Reactive oxygen species and the continued development of oxidative stress may bring about muscular damage and inflammation, ultimately impairing exercise performance.

A search for applicable articles was performed using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and ScienceDirect with dates of January 1, 2010, to April 30, 2023. Inclusion criteria consisted of (1) original, peer-reviewed studies with human participants; (2) studies written in English; (3) studies available as full free text. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist and flow-chart were followed.

Thirty studies were included in the final review. Four studies collected blood and urine samples, while 26 studies collected blood samples only for assessment. Thirteen studies on ultramarathons, seven on military training and survival, four on Ironman and endurance running, and one on running/cycling and swimming were discovered throughout the course of the research. Well-trained, elite, recreational, amateur, moderately active, ultra-marathon runners, triathletes, cadets/soldiers, physical education students, and untrained individuals comprised the study subjects.

According to the evidence, extended duration events do not always induce supraphysiological oxidative stress and muscle damage which are indicated by the presence of absence of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory biomarkers. Still, more importantly, oxidative damage markers of lipids, proteins, and different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants develop depending on the individual’s level of training.