Relationships Between Vertical Jump Metrics and Sprint Performance, and Qualities that Distinguish Between Faster and Slower Sprinters
Jad Adrian Washif, Lian-Yee Kok
Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise ›› 2021, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (2) : 135-144.
Relationships Between Vertical Jump Metrics and Sprint Performance, and Qualities that Distinguish Between Faster and Slower Sprinters
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between vertical jump metrics and phases during a 60 m sprint. The variances in strength qualities between sprinters of different ability levels were also compared.
Eighteen young male elite sprinters (age: 18.1 ± 1.3 years; stature: 1.72 ± 0.07 m; body mass: 66.3 ± 6.2 kg) were assessed for squat (SJ), countermovement (CMJ), drop (DJ), and standing long jumps, a maximal load back-squat, and a 60-m sprint from a block-start. The relationships between sprint performances with all variables were analysed using correlation and multiple regression while discriminative parameters between fast (100 m time: ~ 10.50 s) and slow (~ 11.00 s) sprint groups were assessed using independent t-tests.
Higher associations existed between vertical jumps and longer sprint distances, especially between SJ height and relative peak power with 10 m (r = − 0.47 and − 0.47, respectively), 30 m (− 0.71 and − 0.74), 60 m (− 0.76 and − 0.81), 10–30 m (− 0.80 and − 0.86), and 30–60 m (− 0.78 and − 0.84) sprint distances. Concurrently, variables such as relative maximal-strength, relative SJ parameters (height, peak force, and peak power), relative CMJ peak power, and reactive strength index (DJ from 35 cm height) had significant discriminative ability and correlations (P < 0.05) with sprint distances involving maximal velocity and flying-start. Additionally, a combination of SJ height and relative maximal-strength during back-squat accounted for 75% of the variance in 60 m sprint times.
Relative measures of multiple strength metrics may provide better insight regarding factors that enhance sprint performance. Adequate maximal-strength, high explosive power, and reactive strength seem necessary to improve sprint performance in young male elite sprinters.
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