Experimental Study of Wave Force on the Coastal Wall Under the Influence of Different Protection Modes Using Direct Measurement Method

Abstract

Finding protective methods that reduce the forces acting on coastal walls can increase their lifespan and minimize their deterioration. Therefore, by utilizing various protective methods that have a mitigating role and can be applied in front of coastal walls, significant effects can be achieved in reducing the destructive forces acting on them. Thus, through conducting various research studies considering distance, coverage, and arrangement, the best and most optimal combination of structural elements should be determined to serve as a foundation for constructing improved protective coverings in front of coastal walls. In this research, by performing various experiments and changing parameters, including different protection structures, changing the design parameters, and changing the characteristics of the waves on the coastal wall, and by direct measurement, the incoming forces will be analyzed more precisely. In this research, a load cell device was used to experimentally assess the wave force that was applied to the coastal wall. A knife-edge flume, a special kind of flume, was used for this. An electronic dynamometer (load cell) was used to measure the wave force directly. The wave force exerted on the coastal wall was measured directly and calculated using the Morrison equation in all experiments at four wave heights: 18, 15, 12, and 8 cm. Furthermore, protective structures were utilized in various configurations, including sloping surfaces with different angles, stepped structures with varying step sizes, riprap coverings with different grain sizes, and submerged breakwaters at different distances and depths. According to the experiments, Morison’s equation does not provide acceptable results for protective structures attached to the coastal wall. Moreover, the results indicate that the best wave force dissipation is achieved with the submerged breakwater and riprap protective structure. Additionally, in the case of the submerged breakwater, the Morrison equation and the direct measurement method show the highest level of correlation.

Keywords

Coastal walls / Direct measurement method / Seawalls / Wave force / Wave height

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Harbin Engineering University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

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