Energy-Efficient and Reliable Deployment Models for Hybrid Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks with a Mobile Gateway

Abstract

This work proposes an innovative approach to evaluate the functional characteristics of a heterogeneous underwater wireless acoustic sensor network (UWASN) using a stochastic model and the network connectivity criterion. The connectivity criterion is probabilistic and considers inherently distinct groups of parameters: technical parameters that determine the network function at specific levels of the communication stack and physical parameters that describe the environment in the water area. The proposed approach enables researchers to evaluate the network characteristics in terms of energy efficiency and reliability while considering specific network and environmental parameters. Moreover, this approach is a simple and convenient tool for analyzing the effectiveness of protocols in various open systems interconnection model levels. It is possible to assess the potential capabilities of any protocol and include it in the proposed model. This work presents the results of modeling the critical characteristics of heterogeneous three-dimensional UWASNs of different scales consisting of stationary sensors and a wave glider as a mobile gateway, using specific protocols as examples. Several alternative routes for the wave glider are considered to optimize the network’s functional capabilities. Optimal trajectories of the wave glider’s movement have been determined in terms of ensuring the efficiency and reliability of the hybrid UWASN at various scales. In the context of the problem, an evaluation of different reference node placement was to ensure message transmission to a mobile gateway. The best location of reference nodes has been found.

Keywords

Heterogeneous underwater wireless acoustic sensor network / Mobile gateway / Wave glider / Stochastic connectivity model / Probabilistic optimality criteria / Network reliability / Network energy consumption

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