Structural Design and Parameter Analysis of Ship Inlet Distortion Simulation Boards

Abstract

Significant aerodynamic engine instability can occur during the operation of marine gas turbines as airflow enters the compressor through a 90° turning and causes inlet distortion. This study adopts the method of simulating board equivalence to provide the target distortion flow field for ship compressors. The characteristics of the flow field behind the simulated board are obtained through experiments and numerical simulations, through which the relationship between the height of the simulated board and the total pressure distortion is elucidated. Subsequently, the study summarizes the prediction formula to achieve a distortion prediction of 0.8%–7.8%. In addition, this work analyzes the effects of drilling methods and diameters on flow nonuniformity by drilling holes into the simulation board. The results indicate that drilling holes on the board can weaken the nonuniformity of the flow field within a certain range and change the distribution pattern of total pressure in the cross-section. Furthermore, the total pressure distortion no longer changes significantly when the number of holes is too large. The proposed double simulation board structure is capable of obtaining the following two types of distorted flow fields: symmetrical dual low-pressure zones and low-pressure zones with high distortion intensity at the compressor inlet. The distortion equivalent simulation method proposed in this work can obtain various types of distortion spectra, thereby meeting the distortion parameter requirements for the antidistortion testing of marine engines.

Keywords

Total pressure distortion / Ship compressor inlet / Simulation board / Distortion simulation / Experimental study

References

[1] Baumbrick RJ (1970) Device for producing dynamic distortion patterns at inlets of air-breathing engines. NASA-TM-X-2026

[2] Beale D, Cramer K, King P (2002) Development of improved methods for simulating aircraft inlet distortion in turbine engine ground tests (Invited). 22nd AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference, AIAA 2022–3045. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3045

[3] Beale D, Davis M, Sirbaugh J. Requirements and advances in simulating aircraft inlet total-pressure distortion in turbine engine ground tests. ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea and Air, 2006, 42371: 25-36

[4] Beale D, Wieland S, Reed J, Wilhite L. Demonstration of a transient total-pressure distortion generator for simulating aircraft inlet distortion in turbine engine ground test. ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea and Air, 2007, 4790: 39-50

[5] Braithwaite WM, Dicus JH, Moss JE (1970) Evaluation with a turbofan engine of air jets 362 as a steady-state inlet flow distortion device technical memorandum. NASA TM-X-1955

[6] Cang ZC, Jiang Y, Kong W, Zhang B, Zhang FQ, Li J, Zhuang CX. Experimental study on the inlet total pressure distortion of a turbojet engine. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2000, 15(4): 423-426 (in Chinese)

[7] Castro IP, Robins AG. The flow around a surface-mounted cube in uniform and turbulent streams. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1977, 79(2): 307-335

[8] Chen X, Mao J. Technique of varying-lip simulation total pressure distortion flow field. Journal of Aerospace Power, 1990, 5(1): 57-64 (in Chinese)

[9] Chen X, Mao J. Method of the combination of varying-lip and plate simulation total pressure distortion flow field. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 1992, 13(8): 418-422

[10] Cousins WT, Georges MJ, Rezaei H (2003) Inlet distortion testing and analysis of a high-bypass ratio turbofan engine. 16th International Symposium on Air Breathing Engines, ISABE-2003-1110

[11] Hirschmann A, Volkmer S, Schatz M, Finzel C, Casey M, Montgomery M. The influence of the total pressure profile on the performance of axial gas turbine diffusers. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2012, 134(2): 021017

[12] Iaccarino G, Ooi A, Durbin PA, Behnia M. Reynolds averaged simulation of unsteady separated flow. International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow, 2003, 24(2): 147-156

[13] Jiang Y, Zhang BL, Kong WD. Statistical analysis of the aero-engine inlet air flow pressure distortion turbulence degree distribution using an inserted-board. Journal of Air Force Engineering University (Natural Science Edition), 2008, 9(1): 1-4 (in Chinese)

[14] Jiang Y, Zhang BL, Chen SG, Chen G, Mei F. Test-based syntonic analysis of the aero-engine inserted-board inlet dynamic distortion pressure. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2009, 24(9): 2057-2062 (in Chinese)

[15] Jiang Y, Zhang FQ, Zhang BL, Kong WD. The inserted board air inlet flow steady pressure distortion field estimate based on experiment. Journal of Air Force Engineering University (Natural Science Edition), 2007, 8(2): 1-3 (in Chinese)

[16] Li L, Hu J, Wang ZQ, Tu BF. Experimental study of inlet total-pressure distortion on four kinds of flat baffles. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2009, 24(4): 925-930 (in Chinese)

[17] Liu DX, Ye PL (1994) Guidelines for evaluating flow field distortion in russian engine imports. Gas Turbine Experiment and Research (3): 1–10. (in Chinese)

[18] Liu Y (2021) Research on the influence of double flat. Master thesis, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 1–62. (in Chinese)

[19] Liu Y, Chen J, Huang GP. Study on stability and dynamic flow law of baffle in pipe. Machine Building & Automation, 2022, 51(3): 125-129 (in Chinese)

[20] Liu Z, Zhang S, Yin Y, Wang Z, Luan Y, Zhou S. Research on thrust calibration technology of aeroengine indoor test bench. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 2021, 15(1): 109-116

[21] Liu ZH, Cai CY, He ZQ, Xu GL, Gao L, Yang LL. Inlet pressure distortion test of aeroengine under different plug. Aeroengine, 2022, 48(3): 101-105 (in Chinese)

[22] Mankbadi MR, Georgiadis NJ. Examination of parameters affecting large-eddy simulations of flow past a square cylinder. AIAA Journal, 2015, 53(6): 1706-1712

[23] Martinuzzi R, Tropea C. The flow around surface-mounted, prismatic obstacles placed in a fully developed channel flow. ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1993, 115(1): 85-92

[24] Mukhopadhyay A, Biswas G, Sundararajan T. Numerical investigation of confined wakes behind a square cylinder in a channel. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 1992, 14(12): 1473-1484

[25] Ning H, Hou AP, Zhang MM, Ren JQ. Numerical simulation on combinational baffle with adjustable ratio of distortion indexes. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2023, 44(2): 49-57 (in Chinese)

[26] Peng SH, Zhong HG, Wu F. Effect of movable flat baffle’s plenum volume on pressure distortion flow field of engine. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2018, 33(9): 2242-2247 (in Chinese)

[27] Rodi W. Comparison of LES and RANS calculations of the flow around bluff bodies. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1997, 69–71(1): 55-75

[28] Sakamoto H, Moriya M, Taniguchi S, Arie M. The form drag of three-dimensional bluff bodies immersed in turbulent boundary layers. ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1982, 17(3): 358-363

[29] Savage K, Flandro G, Majdalani J (2004) Modeling and simulation of dynamic inlet flow distortion generation. 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. DOI: 0.2514/6.2004-3933

[30] Shi BL. Inlet flow field study of marine gas turbine, 2003, Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 1-110 (in Chinese)

[31] Walter F, Justin B (2013) The influence of duct development distance on screen-generated total pressure distortion profiles. 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, 2013–3602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-3602

[32] Wang YQ, Zhang J, Ye W. Investigation of correlation laws between simulating board air blowing test results and numerical simulation results. Gas Turbine Experiment and Research, 2015, 28(5): 24-28 (in Chinese)

[33] Ye W, Lu DY, Li D, Lu BF. Design and experimental investigation of simulating plates. Gas Turbine Experiment and Research, 2001, 14(2): 1-8 (in Chinese)

[34] Yusoof MS, Deshpande MD. Strip distortion generator for simulating inlet flow distortion in gas turbine engine ground test facilities. Propulsion and Power Research, 2015, 5(4): 287-301

[35] Zhang QW, Meng DJ, Chen YH. Effects of pressure distortion on performance of three stage fan. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2022, 43(12): 116-125 (in Chinese)

[36] Zhang T, Zhao Y, Zhao W, Chen BY. Design and research of movable total pressure distortion generator. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2017, 38(12): 2706-2715 (in Chinese)

[37] Zhang XF, Li J, Song GX, Zhou YT, Xie H. Numerical simulation on flat baffle inlet distortion of axial compressor. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2019, 34(5): 1153-1165 (in Chinese)

[38] Zhong YF, Ma HW, Li JY, Guo JD. Technological progress of ground test measurement of aeroengine inlet total pressure distortion. Aeroengine, 2020, 46(6): 62-77 (in Chinese)

[39] Zhou W, Liu Y, Chen J. Influence of measurement scheme on steady circum ferential distortion index for double flat generator. Machine Building & Automation, 2023, 52(1): 75-79 (in Chinese)

[40] Zhu AD. Research on design technology of inlet total pressure distortion simulator, 2014, Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1-58 (in Chinese)