Numerical Study of the Ice Breaking Resistance of the Icebreaker in the Yellow River Through Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics

Abstract

A ship — ice — water interaction model is established using smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to predict the ice breaking resistance of the icebreaker in the Yellow River effectively. This method includes the numerical process of the constitutive equation, yield criterion, and the coupling model in SPH. The ice breaking resistance is determined under different conditions. The numerical results of the ice breaking resistance agree with the empirical formula results. Results show that the prediction accuracy of ice resistance is less than 17.6% compared with the empirical formula in the level ice. The method can also be extended to predict the floe motion and ice breaking resistance in actual river channels. The validation against the empirical formula indicates that the proposed ship — ice — water SPH method can predict the ice breaking resistance of icebreakers in actual rivers effectively. The predicted ice breaking resistance is analyzed under different conditions. The ice breaking resistance increases with increasing bending strength and ice thickness, and the latter is the most important factor influencing ice resistance.

Keywords

Icebreaker / Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics / Ice breaking resistance / the Yellow River / Ice thickness

References

[1] Adami S, Hu XY, Adams NA. A generalized wall boundary condition for smoothed particle hydrodynamics. Journal of Computational Physics, 2012, 231(21): 7057-7075

[2] Antuono M, Colagrossi A, Marrone S, Molteni D. Free-surface flows solved by means of SPH schemes with numerical diffusive terms. Computer Physics Communications, 2010, 181(3): 532-549

[3] Cheng HT. Research on a new method of ice prevention using icebreaker in Yellow River, 2013, Zhengzhou: North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, 5-10 (in Chinese)

[4] Das J. Modeling and validation of simulation results of an ice beam in four-point bending using smoothed particle hydro dynamics. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, 2017, 27(1): 82-89

[5] Di SC. Discrete element simulation of ice load on offshore platform and ship hull based on GPU parallel algorism, 2015, Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 1-5 (in Chinese)

[6] Di SC, Ji SY, Xue YZ. Analysis of ship navigation in level ice covered regions with discrete element method. The Ocean Engineering, 2017, 35(3): 59-69 (in Chinese)

[7] Gao GM, Deng Y, Tian ZZ, Li SX, Zhang BS. Brief introduction and prospect of recent ice research in the Yellow River. Yellow River, 2019, 41(10): 77-78 (in Chinese)

[8] Gutfraind R, Savage SB (1997). Smoothed particle hydrodynamics for the simulation of broken-ice fields: mohr-coulomb-type rheology and frictional boundary conditions. Journal of Computational Physics 134(2): 203–215

[9] Hao YH, Zheng X, Ma QW (2020) Calculation of ice breaking resistance of level ice based on CFD-DEM coupling method. Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Shanghai, 590–595

[10] Huang LF, Li MH, Romu TM, Dolatshah A, Thomas G. Simulation of a ship operating in an open-water ice channel. Ships and Offshore Structures, 2021, 16(4): 353-362

[11] Ji SY, Li H, Shen HT, Wang R, Yue Q. A hybrid lagrangian-eulerian numerical model for sea-ice dynamics. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2007, 26(5): 12-24

[12] Ji SY, Shen HT, Wang ZL, Shen HH, Yue Q. A viscoelastic-plastic constitutive model with mohr-coulomb yielding criterion for sea ice dynamics. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2005, 24(4): 54-65

[13] Khayyer A, Gotoh H, Shimizu Y, Nishijima Y. A 3D Lagrangian meshfree projection-based solver for hydroelastic Fluid-Structure Interactions. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2021, 105: 103342

[14] Khayyer A, Shimizu Y, Gotoh H, Nagashima K. A coupled incompressible SPH-Hamiltonian SPH solver for hydroelastic FSI corresponding to composite structures. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2021, 94: 242-271

[15] Kolari K, Kuutti J, Kurkela J (2009) FE-simulation of continuous ice failure based on model update technique. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, Lulea, Sweden, 100–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/APPEEC.2009.4918848

[16] Kong S, Ji SY, Ji SP, Wang YY, Gang XH. Numerical analysis of ice load on floating platform in polar region based on highperformance discrete element method. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2021, 16(5): 1-7 (in Chinese)

[17] Lau M, Akinturk A. KORDI Araon model tests in ice using the planar motion mechanism, 2011, Canada: St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, National Research Council-Institute for Ocean Technology

[18] Li F, Kujala MKP, Goerlandt F. Finite element based meta-modeling of ship-ice interaction at shoulder and midship areas for ship performance simulation. Marine Structure, 2020, 71: 102736

[19] Lindqvist GA (1989) Straightforward method for calculation of ice resistance of ships. Proceedings of the Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, Lulea, Sweden, 722–735

[20] Monaghan JJ. Simulating free surface flows with SPH. Journal of Computational Physics, 1994, 110: 399-406

[21] Monaghan JJ. SPH without a tensile instability. Journal of Computational Physics, 2000, 159(2): 290-311

[22] Oger L, Savage SB. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics for cohesive grains. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 1999, 180(1–2): 169-183

[23] Pan SH (1986) Building standards and codes of the State Construction Committee of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union. Chapter 57. Loads and actions of waves, ice and ships on hydraulic structures, Ocean Press. (in Chinese)

[24] Pan W, Tartakovsky AM, Monaghan JJ. A smoothed-particle hydrodynamics model for ice-sheet and ice-shelf dynamics. Journal of Glaciology, 2012, 58(208): 828-842

[25] Pernas-Sánchez DA, Pedroche DV, López-Puente RZ. Numerical modeling of ice behavior under high velocity impacts. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2012, 49: 1919-1927

[26] Qiao Y. Study on the coupled of ship-ice-water interaction and the prediction method of ice resistance, 2018, Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 1-6 (in Chinese)

[27] Shen HT, Su J, Liu L. SPH simulation of river ice dynamics. Journal of Computational Physics, 2000, 165(2): 752-770

[28] Sun PN, Colagrossi A, Marrone S, Zhang AM. The Splus-SPH model: Simple procedures for a further improvement of the SPH scheme. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2017, 315: 25-49

[29] Xie ZG, Zen H, Li G, Deng Y, Tian ZZ. The timing and method of eliminating the ice dam with airborne bomb by unmanned aerial vehicle. Yellow River, 2021, 43(2): 70-72 (in Chinese)

[30] Xue YZ, Liu RW, Li Z, Han D. A review for numerical simulation methods of ship-ice interaction. Ocean Engineering, 2020, 215: 107853

[31] Xue YZ, Lu XK, Wang Q. Simulation of three-point bending test of ice based on peridynamic. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 2018, 39(4): 607-613

[32] Zhang NB. Research on the ship-ice-wave coupling numerical model based on the SPH method, 2020, Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 56-65 (in Chinese)

[33] Zhang NB, Zheng X, Ma QW. Updated Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for simulating bending and compression failure progress of ice. Water, 2017, 9(11): 882

[34] Zhang NB, Zheng X, Ma QW, Hu ZH. A numerical study on ice failure process and ice-ship interactions by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2019, 11(2): 796-808

[35] Zhang NB, Zheng X, Ma QW. Study on wave-induced kinematic responses and flexures of ice floe by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. Computers & Fluids, 2019, 189: 46-59