A significant look at the effects of Persian Gulf environmental conditions on sound scattering based on small perturbation method

Abstract

The main goal of this paper is to investigate sound scattering from the sea surface, by Kuo’s small perturbation method (SPM), in the Persian Gulf’s environmental conditions. Accordingly, the SPM method is reviewed, then it is demonstrated how it can accurately model sound scattering from the sea surface. Since in Kuo’s approach, the effects of surface roughness and sub-surface bubble plumes on incident sounds can be studied separately, it is possible to investigate the importance of each mechanism in various scattering regimes. To conduct this study, wind and wave information reported by Arzanah station as well as some numerical atmospheric models for the Persian Gulf are presented and applied to examine sound scattering from the sea surface in the Persian Gulf region. Plots of scattering strength by Kuo’s SPM method versus grazing angle for various frequencies, wave heights, and wind speeds are presented. The calculated scattering strength by the SPM method for various frequencies and wind speeds are compared against the results of critical sea tests 7 (CST-7). The favorable agreement achieved for sound scattering in the Persian Gulf region is indicative of the fact that the SPM method can, quite accurately indeed, model, and predict sound scattering from the sea surface.

Keywords

sea surface / Persian Gulf / small perturbation method (SPM) / wind and wave rose plots / sound scattering / surface roughness / sub-surface bubble plumes

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