Investigation on installation of offshore wind turbines

Abstract

Wind power has made rapid progress and should gain significance as an energy resource, given growing interest in renewable energy and clean energy. Offshore wind energy resources have attracted significant attention, as, compared with land-based wind energy resources, offshore wind energy resources are more promising candidates for development. Sea winds are generally stronger and more reliable and with improvements in technology, the sea has become a hot spot for new designs and installation methods for wind turbines. In the present paper, based on experience building offshore wind farms, recommended foundation styles have been examined. Furthermore, wave effects have been investigated. The split installation and overall installation have been illustrated. Methods appropriate when installing a small number of turbines as well as those useful when installing large numbers of turbines were analyzed. This investigation of installation methods for wind turbines should provide practical technical guidance for their installation.

Keywords

wind turbine / foundation style / split installation / overall installation

References

[1] Antonio P., Achille P., Francesco R., Michele T. Feasibility study of off-shore wind farms: an application to Puglia region. Solar Energy, 2005, 79: 321-331

[2] Bishop I.D., Miller D.R. Visual assessment of off-shore wind turbines: The influence of distance, contrast, movement and social variables. Renewable Energy, 2007, 32: 814-831

[3] Choisnard J, Bernier M, Lafrance G (2003). RADARSAT-1 SAR scenes for wind power mapping in coastal area: Gulf of St-Lawrence case. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2700–2702.

[4] Cockerill T.T., Kuhn M., Bussel G.J.W. Combined technical and economic evaluation of the Northern European offshore wind resource. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2001, 89: 689-711

[5] Garrad A., Nath C. Study of offshore wind energy in the EC. Report on CEC JOULE 1 contract JOUR-0072, 1994, Brekendorf, Germany: Verlag Naturliche Energie

[6] Hasager CB, Nielsen M, Rathman O (2003). Offshore wind maps from ERS—2 SAR and wind resource modeling. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2709–2711.

[7] Hassan G., Lloyd G. Study of off-shore wind energy in the E.C, 1995, Brekendorf, Germany: Verlag Natu rliche Energie

[8] Halliday J. A. Off-shore wind energy-a review of some current research and development projects. Wind Engineering, 2001, 25(3): 149-160

[9] Jiang B., Xiao J., Yan J. Analysis on construction capability of offshore windfarm in our country. Renewable Energy Resources, 2007, 25(4): 104-106

[10] Kuhn M., Bierbooms W.A.A.M., Bussel G.J.W., Ferguson M.C., Goransson B., Cockerill T.T., Harrison R., Harland L.A., Vugts J.H., Wiecherink R. Structural and economic optimization of bottom-mounted off-shore wind energy converters, 1998, Delft, Netherlands: Institute for Wind Energy, Delft University of Technology, 5

[11] Kuhn M., Bierbooms W.A.A.M., Ferguson M.C., Goransson B., Cockerill T.T., Vugts J.H. Opti-OWECS project final report volume 0: executive Summary, 1998, Delft, Netherlands: Institute for Wind Energy, Delft University of Technology

[12] Lin Y., Li J., Shen D., Song C. Structure characteristics and design technique keys of wind turbine foundation in Shanghai Donghai-bridge offshore wind farm. Shanghai Power, 2007, 2: 153-157

[13] Li X., Yu Z. Development of offshore wind power. ACTA ENERGIAE SOLARIS SINICA, 2004, 25(1): 78-84

[14] Liu Q., Xu Y. Some problems on offshore wind power development in China. Shanghai Power, 2007, 2: 144-148

[15] Manwell J.F., Elkinton C.N., Rogers A.L., McGowan J.G. Review of design conditions applicable to offshore wind energy systems in the United States. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2007, 11: 210-234

[16] Zaaijer M. B. Foundation modelling to assess dynamic behaviour of offshore wind turbines. Applied Ocean Research, 2006, 28: 45-57

[17] Zhan P., Yu H., Hou B. Technical summary of wind power generation on the sea. Electrical Equipment, 2005, 6(12): 42-44