WO₃ nanofibers on ACF by electrospun for photo-degradation of phenol solution

Abstract

Electrospun WO₃ nanofibers were fabricated by coaxial electrospinning and directly annealing WCl₆/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers on activated carbon fibres (ACF), and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The most suitable condition for electrospinning is the mass ratio of WCl6 to PVP 0.6, appropriate amount DMF and ethanol, a voltage of 28 kV, the reception distance of 15 cm, the humidity range within 10% and 20% and the moving rate of the pump 0.001 mm/s. The photocatalytic activities of WO₃ nanofibers were evaluated by the photo-degradation of phenol solution under the irradiation of 500 W xenon lamp. The results showed that, the sizes of the fibers are about 100 nm, and after being photodegraded for 210 min, the concentration of phenol decreased from 20.05 mg/L to 8.60 mg/L. Thus, the photo-degradation rate of WO₃ nanofibers for phenol solution is 2.87 mg/(L·h).

Keywords

WO₃ / nanofibers / electrospinning / photo-degradation / phenol solution

References

[1] ZhengH-d, OuJ Z, StranoM S, KanerR B, MitchellA, Kalantar-ZadehK. Nanostructured tungsten oxide-properties, synthesis, and applications [J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2011, 21(12): 2175-2196

[2] ZhangH-j, ChenG-h, BahnemannD W. Photoelectrocatalytic materials for environmental applications [J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2009, 19(29): 5089-5121

[3] MoralesW, CasonM, AinaO, de TacconiN R, RajeshwarK. Combustion synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline WO₃ [J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2008, 130(20): 6318-6319

[4] LeftheriotisG, KoubliE, YianoulisP. Combined electrochromic-transparent conducting coatings consisting of noble metal, dielectric and WO₃ multilayers [J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2013, 116: 110-119

[5] NalinM, PoirierG, RibeiroS J L, MessaddeqY, CescatoL. Glasses in the SbPO4-WO₃ system [J]. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 2007, 353: 1592-1597

[6] ChenS-h, LuoJ-y, TanH-d, ChenJ, DengS-z, XuN-sheng. Study of self-heating phenomenon and its resultant effect on ultrafast gasochromic coloration of Pt-WO₃ nanowire films [J]. Sensors and Actuators. B: Chemical, 2012, 173: 824-832

[7] RonconiF, SyrgiannisZ, BonaseraA, PratoM, ArgazziR, CaramoriS, CristinoV, BignozziC. Modification of nanocrystalline WO₃ with a dicationic perylene bisimide: Applications to molecular level solar water splitting [J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2015, 137(14): 4630-4633

[8] LiW-z, JinG-h, HuH-s, LiJ, YangY-h, ChenQ-y. Phosphotungstic acid and WO₃, incorporated TiO₂, thin films as novel photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2015, 153: 499-507

[9] GirishK S, Koteswara RaoK S R. Tungsten-based nanomaterials (WO₃ & Bi2WO6): Modifications related to charge carrier transfer mechanisms and photocatalytic applications [J]. Applied Surface Science, 2015, 355: 939-958

[10] YangY-g, LiuB, ZhangY-y, LvX-s, LeiW, WangX-ping. Fabrication and luminescence of BiPO₄: Tb³⁺/Ce³⁺ nanofibers by electrospinning [J]. Superlattices & Microstructures, 2015, 90: 227-235

[11] MerliniC, PegorettiA, AraujoT M, Ramoa SilviaD A S, Schreiner WidoH. BARRA Guilherme-mariz de-oliverira. Electrospinning of doped and undoped-polyaniline/poly (vinylidene fluoride) blends [J]. Synthetic Metals, 2016, 213: 34-41

[12] FormentiS, CastagnaR, MomenteR, BertarelliC, FrancescoB V. The relevance of extensional rheology on electrospinning: the polyamide/iron chloride case [J]. European Polymer Journal, 2015, 75: 46-55

[13] SuiC-h, GongJ, ChengT-x, ZhouG-d, DongS-fu. Fabrication of tungsten oxide microfibers with photocatalytic activity by electrospinning from PVA/H3PW12O40 gel [J]. Applied Surface Science, 2011, 257(20): 8600-8604

[14] MatthewsJ A, WnekG E, SimpsonD G, BowlinG L. Electrospinning of collagen nanofibers [J]. Biomacromolecules, 2002, 3(2): 232-238

[15] KattaP, AlessandroM, RamsierR D, ChaseG G. Continuous electrospinning of aligned polymer nanofibers onto a wire drum collector [J]. Nano Letters, 2004, 4(11): 2215-2218

[16] LengJ-y, XuX-j, LüN, FanH-t, ZhangTong. Synthesis and gas-sensing characteristics of WO₃ nanofibers via electrospinning [J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2011, 356(1): 54-57

[17] LiuR-longStudy on photocatalytic degradation of aqueous phenol solution with nano TiO₂ membrane, 2004, Chongqing, Chongqing University

[18] ChenF, LiuH-q, BagwasiS, ShenX-x, ZhangJ-long. Photocatalytic study of BiOCl for degradation of organic pollutants under UV irradiation [J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. A:Chemistry., 2010, 215: 76-80

[19] JoJ-h, ErnestT, KimK-joo. Treatment of TNT red water by layer melt crystallization [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2014, 275: 185-192

[20] SongH-yanThe preparation and catalytic performance of novel photocatalytic materials [D], 2006, Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China