Electrochemical performance of interfacially polymerized polyaniline nanofibres as electrode materials for non-aqueous redox supercapacitors

Abstract

H⁺ doped polyaniline nanofibre (PH) was synthesized by interfacial polymerization and polyanilines doped with Li salt (PLI and PHLI) were prepared by immersing emeraldine base (EB) and H⁺ doped polyaniline in 1 mol/L LiPF₆/(EC-EMC-DMC), respectively. PH, PLI and PHLI were all characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry. With 1 mol/L LiPF₆/(EC-EMC-DMC) as electrolyte, PH, PHLI and PLI were used as the active materials of symmetric non-aqueous redox supercapacitors. PLI shows the highest initial specific capacitance of 120 F/g (47 F/g for PH and 66 F/g for PHLI) among three samples. After 500 cycles, the specific capacitance of PLI remains 75 F/g, indicating the good cycleability.

Keywords

polyaniline nanofibre / redox supercapacitor / interfacial polymerization / lithium salt doping

References

[1] ConwayB. E., PellW. G., LiuT. C.. Diagnostic analyses for mechanisms of self-discharge of electrochemical capacitors and batteries [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 1997, 65(1/2): 53-59

[2] LaiY.-q., LiJ., SongH.-s., ZhangZ.-a., LiJ., LiuY.-xiang.. Preparation of activated carbons from mesophase pitch and their electrochemical properties [J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 2007, 14(5): 601-606

[3] FrackowiakE., BeguinF.. Carbon materials for the electrochemical storage of energy in capacitors [J]. Carbon, 2001, 39(6): 937-950

[4] RyuK. S., KimK. M., HongY. S., ParkY. J., ChangS. H.. The polyaniline electrode doped with li salt and protonic acid in lithium secondary battery [J]. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 2002, 23(8): 1144-1148

[5] DearmittC., ArmesS. P.. Colloidal dispersions of surfactant-stabilized polypyrrole particles [J]. Langmuir, 1993, 9(3): 652-654

[6] YangS. M., ChenK. H., YangY. F.. Synthesis of polyaniline nanotubes in the channels of anodic alumina membrane [J]. Synthetic Metals, 2005, 152(1/2/3): 65-68

[7] SongG.-p., HanJ., GuoRong.. Synthesis of polyaniline/NiO nanobelts by a self-assembly process [J]. Synthetic Metals, 2007, 157(4/5): 170-175

[8] SaravananC., PalaniappanS., ChandezonF.. Synthesis of nanoporous conducting polyaniline using ternary surfactant [J]. Material Letters, 2008, 62(6/7): 882-885

[9] NekrasovA. A., GribkovaO. L., EreminaT. V., IsakovaA. A., IvanovV. F., TverskojV. A., VannikovA. V.. Electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline in the presence of poly(amidosulfonic acid)s with different rigidity of polymer backbone and characterization of the films obtained [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2008, 53(11): 3789-3797

[10] HuangJ. X., KanerR. B.. A general chemical route to polyaniline nanofibers [J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2004, 126(3): 851-855

[11] ZhangX. Y., RochC. Y., JoseA., ManoharS. K.. Nanofibers of polyaniline synthesized by interfacial polymerization [J]. Synthetic Metals, 2004, 145(1): 23-29

[12] VinayG., NorioM.. High performance electrochemical supercapacitor from electrochemically synthesized nanostructured polyaniline [J]. Materials Letters, 2006, 60(12): 1466-1469

[13] ZhaoG.-y., LiH.-Lin.. Preparation of polyaniline nanowire arrayed electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors [J]. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2008, 110(2/3): 590-594

[14] RyuK. S., KimK. M.. A hybrid power source with a shared electrode of polyaniline doped with LiPF₆ [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2007, 165(1): 420-426

[15] RyuK. S., LeebY., HancK. S., ParkY. J., KangM. G., ParkN. G., ChangS. H.. Electrochemical supercapacitor based on polyaniline doped with lithium salt and active carbon electrodes [J]. Solid State Ionics, 2004, 175(1/4): 765-768

[16] RyuK. S., KimK. M., ParkY. J., ParkN. G., KangM. G., ChangS. H.. Redox supercapacitor using polyaniline doped with Li salt as electrode [J]. Solid State Ionics, 2002, 152/153: 861-866

[17] DrelikiewiczA., HasikM., ChoczynskiM.. The new oxygen-deficient fluorite Bi3NbO7: Synthesis, electrical behavior and structural approach [J]. Materials Research Bulletin, 1998, 33(1): 739-762

[18] ZhengJ. P., HuangJ., JowT. R.. The limitations of energy density for electrochemical capacitors [J]. Journal of Electrochemical Society, 1997, 144(6): 2026-2031