Morphologic characters and element content during development of Pinus tabuliformis seeds

Abstract

An embryo classification system for Pinus tabuliformis Carr. was established by time-tracing sampling and observation of zygotic embryos. The zygotic embryos were divided into nine stages. Key elements of the zygotic embryo and female gametophyte (FG) tissue of P. tabuliformis were analyzed, using inductively coupled plasma-emission spectroscopy. Several elements—including aluminum, iron, sodium, and copper—are found in both embryo and FG tissue. Boron, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, and calcium are also required for zygotic embryo development and therefore accumulated. Manganese is selectively excluded from the embryo. The zygotic embryo development needs a low-sodium and high-potassium nutrition proportion. The results of elemental analysis from zygotic embryos and FGs can provide the mineral targets for optimizing the formulation of culture medium for somatic embryogenesis.

Keywords

Embryo classification system / Zygotic embryo / Female gametophyte / Element content analysis

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