Allelopathic potential of Rhus chinensis on seedling growth of radish, semen cassiae and black soyabean

Abstract

The allelopathic potential of Rhus chinensis Mill on seedling growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.), semen cassiae (seed of Cassia obtusifolia L.) and black soyabean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was investigated under laboratory conditions. The water extracts of seed, leaf and bark of R. chinensis inhibited the germination and the growth of roots and shoots of radish, semen cassiae, and black soyabean. Significant increasing reductions in the germination and growth of roots and shoots were observed as the concentration of water extract increased in all bioassays. The order of allelopathic potentials of the three parts from R. chinensis plant on seed germination of these receptors was leaf > seed > bark. However, the inhibition of water extracts from R. chinensis seed on root activity of semen cassiae was more severe than from the other two parts. The allelopathic potential on the germination of radish was higher than that of black soyabean and semen cassiae. The integrated effect index for allelopathic potential of water extracts of leaf of R. chinensis on radish, semen cassiae and black soyabean seedling growth were −0.88, −0.93 and −0.98 respectively. The results suggested that it is important to minimize the negative allelopathic potential of R. chinensis in agroforestry systems, and to exploit this traditional Chinese medicinal tree for the production of natural bio-pesticides.

Keywords

Allelopathy / Rhus chinensis / Water extracts / Seedling growth

References

[1] Ahn YJ, Lee CO, Kweon JH, Ahn JW, Park JH. Growth inhibitory effects of Galla Rhois-derived tannins on intestinal bacteria. J Appl Microbiol, 1998, 84: 439-443.

[2] Alrababah MA, Tadros MJ, Samarah NH, Ghosheh H. Allelopathic effects of Pinus halepensis and Quercus coccifera on the germination of Mediterranean crop seeds. New Forest, 2009, 38: 261-272.

[3] Bhatt BP, Todaria NP. Studies on the allelopathic effects of some agroforestry tree crops of Garhwal Himalaya. Agrofor Syst, 1990, 12: 251-255.

[4] Black M. Taylorson RB. Seed research-past, present and future. Recent advances in the development and germination of seeds. 1989, New York: Plenum, 1 6

[5] Braine JW, Curcio GR, Wachowicz CM, Hansel FA. Allelopathic effects of Araucaria angustifolia needle extracts in the growth of Lactuca sativa seeds. J For Res, 2012, 17: 440-445.

[6] Chen JC, Ho TY, Chang YS, Wu SL, Li CC, Hsiang CY. Identification of Escherichia coli enterotoxin inhibitors from traditional medicinal herbs by in silico, in vitro, and in vivo analyses. J Ethnopharmacol, 2009, 121: 372-378.

[7] Chou CH, Chang SJ, Cheng CM, Wang YC, Hsu FH, Den WH. The selective allelopathic interaction of a pasture-forest intercropping in Taiwan II. Interaction between kikuyu grass and three hardwood plants. Plant Soil, 1989, 116: 207-215.

[8] Djakpo O, Yao WR. Rhus Chinensis and Galla Chinensis – folklore to modern evidence: review. Phytother Res, 2010, 24: 1739-1747.

[9] Fang B, Yu S, Wang Y, Qiu X, Cai C, Liu S. Allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus urophylla on ten tree species in south China. Agrofor Syst, 2009, 76: 401-408.

[10] Fernandez C, Lelong B, Vila B, Mévy JP, Robles C, Greff S, Dupouyet S, Bousquet-Mélou A. Potential allelopathic effect of Pinus halepensis in the secondary succession: an experimental approach. Chemoecology, 2006, 16: 97-105.

[11] Gu Q, Wang RR, Zhang XM, Wang YH, Zheng YT, Zhou J, Chen JJ. A new benzofuranone and anti-HIV constituents from the stems of Rhus chinensis. Planta Med, 2007, 73: 279-282.

[12] Kim SH, Park HH, Lee S, Jun CD, Choi BJ, Kim SY, Kim SH, Kim DK, Park JS, Chae BS, Shin TY. The anti-anaphylactic effect of the gall of Rhus javanica is mediated through inhibition of histamine release and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Int Immunopharmacol, 2005, 15: 1820-1829.

[13] Klionsky SM, Amatangelo KL, Waller DM. Above- and belowground impacts of European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) on four native forbs. Restor Ecol, 2011, 19: 728-737.

[14] Kohli RK, Batish D, Singh HP. Allelopathy and its implications in agroecosystems. J Crop Prod, 1998, 1: 169-202.

[15] Kordali S, Cakir A, Ozer H, Cakmakci R, Kesdek M, Mete E. Antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oil isolated from Turkish Origanum acutidens and its three components, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene. Bioresour Technol, 2008, 99: 8788-8795.

[16] Lee IS, OH SR, Ahn KS. Semialactone, isofouquierone peroxide and fouquierone, three new dammarane triterpenes from Rhus javanica. Chem Pharm Bull, 2001, 49 1024

[17] Li L. Plant physiology module experiment guidance. 2009, Beijing: Science Press, 23 26

[18] Parveen N, Khan NU. Phenolic constituents of Rhus semialata leaves. Planta Med, 1985, 5 467.

[19] Rayne S, Mazza G. Biological activities of extracts from sumac (Rhus spp.): a review. Plant Food Hum Nutr, 2007, 62: 165-175.

[20] Reigosa MJ, Sanchez-Moreiras A, Gonzalez L. Ecophysiological approach in allelopathy. Crit Rev Plant Sci, 1999, 18: 577-608.

[21] Ren Z, Zhu B, Wang D, Ma E, Su D, Zhong Y. Comparative population structure of Chinese sumac aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis and its primary host-plant Rhus chinensis. Genetica, 2008, 132: 103-112.

[22] Rietveld WJ, Schlesinger RC, Kessler KJ. Allelopathic effects of black walnut on European black alder coplanted as a nurse species. J Chem Ecol, 1983, 9: 1119-1133.

[23] Ruan X, Li ZH, Wang Q, Pan CD, Jiang DA, Wang GG. Autotoxicity and allelopathy of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone isolated from Picea schrenkiana needles. Molecules, 2011, 16: 8874-8893.

[24] Shiraishi S, Watanabe I, Kuno K, Fujii Y. Allelopathic activity of leaching from dry leaves and exudates from roots of ground cover plants assayed on agar. Weed Biol Manag, 2002, 2 133

[25] Singh D, Kohli RK. Impact of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. shelterbelts on crops. Agrofor Syst, 1992, 20: 253-266.

[26] Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. Effect of Poplar (Populus deltoids) shelter belt on the growth and yield of wheat in Punjab, India. Agrofor Syst, 1998, 40: 207-213.

[27] Singh HP, Kohli RK, Batish DR. Allelopathic interference of Populus deltoides with some winter season crops. Agronomie, 2001, 21: 139-146.

[28] Souto XC, Bolaño JC, González L, Reigosa MJ. Allelopathic effects of tree species on some soil microbial populations and herbaceous plants. Biol Plant, 2001, 44: 269-275.

[29] Taniguchi S, Yazaki K, Yabu UR. Galloylglucoses and riccionidin A in Rhus javanica adventitious root cultures. Phytochemistry, 2000, 53 357

[30] Tian F, Li B, Ji B, Yang J, Zhang G, Chen Y, Luo Y. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of consecutive extracts from Galla chinensis: the polarity affects the bioactivities. Food Chem, 2009, 113: 173-179.

[31] Tongma S, Kobayashi K, Usui K. Allelopathic activity of Mexican sunflower [Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray] in soil under natural field conditions and different moisture conditions. Weed Biol Manag, 2001, 1: 115-294.

[32] Valera-Burgos J, Díaz-Barradas MC, Zunzunegui M. Effects of Pinus pinea litter on seed germination and seedling performance of three Mediterranean shrub species. Plant Growth Regul, 2012, 66: 285-292.

[33] Wang RR, Gu Q, Wang YH, Zhang XM, Yang LM, Zhou J, Chen JJ, Zheng YT. Anti-HIV-1 activities of compounds isolated from the medicinal plant Rhus chinensis. J Ethnopharmacol, 2008, 117: 249-256.

[34] Weir TL, Park SW, Vivanco JM. Biochemical and physiological mechanisms mediated by allelochemicals. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2004, 7(4): 472-479.

[35] Williamson GB, Richardson D. Biossays for allelopathy: measuring treatment responses with independent controls. J Chem Ecol, 1988, 1: 181-187.

[36] Yu JQ, Ye SF, Zhang MF, Hu WH. Effects of root exudates and aqueous root extracts of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and allelochemicals on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes in cucumber. Biochem Syst Ecol, 2003, 31: 129-139.

[37] Zhang D, Zhang J, Yang W, Wu F. Potential allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus grandis across a range of plantation ages. Ecol Res, 2010, 25: 13-23.

[38] Zhao SJ, Liu HS, Dong XC. Experimental guide of plant physiology. 1998, Beijing: Science Press